Almançor de Bactro

Almançor de Bactro (em árabe: مسرور/المنصور البلخي; romaniz.: al-Mansur/Masrur al-Balkhi; m. 26 de dezembro de 893)[1] foi um oficial militar sênior no final do século IX no Califado Abássida.

Vida

Pouco se sabe da ascendência de Almançor; seu nisba sugere que foi de Bactro e que pode ser sido iraniano (afegão) ou turco, mas isso não é certo.[2] Ele é citado pela primeira vez pelo historiador Atabari em 870, durante os eventos da deposição do califa Almutadi (r. 869–870).[3] Quando a revolta de Muça ibne Buga Alquibir começou, Almançor foi um dos vários oficiais que mantiveram-se fieis ao califa, e ele foi colocado como chefe da administração do palácio califal. Durante a batalha contra os rebeldes, estava no comando do flanco direito de Almutadi, mas as forças califais foram derrotadas e as tropas fugiram.[4]

Durante o reinado de Almutâmide (r. 870–892), o irmão e regente efetivo do califa Almuafaque fez Almançor um dos principais oficiais do exército abássida.[3] Em 872, liderou uma expedição contra os curdos jacobitas e conseguiu repeli-los,[5] e em 872, 874 e 875 comandou várias campanhas contra o rebelde carijita Muçavir ibne Abedalamide na Jazira.[6] Em 875, substituiu Muça ibne Buga como comandante encarregado com a supressão da Rebelião Zanje, e foi nomeado governador de Avaz, Baçorá, os distritos do Tigre, Iamama e Barém.[7] Mais tarde naquele ano, foi nominalmente nomeado por Almuafaque como governador de todas as províncias orientais do califado.[8][9]

Em 876, Almançor participou na campanha para parar o avanço do emir safárida Iacube ibne Alaite Alçafar (r. 861–879) no Iraque. Numa tentativa de atrasá-lo, Almançor inundou a região em torno de Uacite ao quebrar um dique sobre o Tigre; ele então fez seu caminho em direção ao principal exército do governo em Sibe Bani Cuma. Quando os dois exércitos se encontraram na decisiva Batalha de Dair Alacul, ele comandou o flanco esquerdo de Almuafaque. Após as forças abássidas saírem vitoriosas, o papel de Almançor na batalha foi reconhecido numa declaração pública, e ele foi recompensado com as propriedades de Abul Saje Deudade, que lutou no lado dos safáridas.[10]

Após a batalha, Almançor continuou supervisionando as operações contra os zanjes; também avançou à região de Avaz e periodicamente lutou contra os rebeldes lá.[11][12] Em 881, após Almuafaque decidir fazer pessoalmente campanha contra os zanjes, Almançor uniu-se a seu acampamento, e serviu como um dos comandantes durante a rebelião. Ele participou no ataque contra a capital zanje de Muctara,[13] embora nenhuma menção é feita a ele durante o assalto final em 884.[14]

Família

Almançor teve ao menos dois filho. Maomé ibne Almançor foi nomeado governador da Estrada de Meca por Almuafaque em 879; ele deputou seu irmão Ali para assumir o posto, mas o último foi morto por membros da tribo dos Banu Assade enquanto viajavam para Muguitá.[15]

Referências

  1. Tabari 1985, p. 11.
  2. Kennedy 2001, p. 151.
  3. a b Gordon 2001, p. 254.
  4. Waines 1992, p. 97, 99.
  5. Waines 1992, p. 136.
  6. Waines 1992, p. 148, 158, 164.
  7. Waines 1992, p. 155, 165.
  8. Waines 1992, p. 166.
  9. Gordon 2001, p. 146.
  10. Waines 1992, p. 169-72.
  11. Waines 1992, p. 181.
  12. Fields 1987, p. 2, 11.
  13. Fields 1987, p. 35, 37, 47, 59, 62, 66, 106.
  14. Fields 1987, p. 128 ff.
  15. Waines 1992, p. 204.

Bibliografia

  • Fields, Philip M., ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery. The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279. Albany, Nova Iorque: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-053-6 
  • Gordon, Matthew S. (2001). The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra, A.H. 200–275/815–889 C.E. Nova Iorque: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4795-6 
  • Kennedy, Hugh N. (2001). The armies of the caliphs: military and society in the early Islamic state. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25093-5 
  • Tabari (1985). Rosenthal, Franz, ed. The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVIII: The Return of the Caliphate to Baghdad: The Caliphates of al-Muʿtaḍid, al-Muktafī and al-Muqtadir, A.D. 892–915/A.H. 279–302. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albânia, Nova Iorque: Imprensa da Universidade Estadual de Nova Iorque. ISBN 978-0-87395-876-9 
  • Waines, David (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Albany, Nova Iorque: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-0764-0 

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