Aliança (taxonomia)

Uma aliança é um agrupamento informal usado na taxonomia biológica. O termo "aliança" não é uma classificação taxonômica definida em nenhum dos códigos de nomenclatura. É usado para qualquer grupo de espécies,[1] gêneros[2] ou tribos às quais os autores desejam se referir, que em algum momento foram provisoriamente considerados parentes próximos.

O termo é frequentemente usado para um grupo que os autores estão estudando em mais detalhes a fim de refinar a taxonomia complexa. Por exemplo, um estudo de filogenética molecular da Aerides – Vanda Alliance (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) confirmou que o grupo é monofilético e esclareceu quais espécies pertencem a cada um dos 14 gêneros.[3] Em outros grupos de orquídeas, as várias alianças que foram definidas não correspondem bem aos clados.[4]

Historicamente, alguns autores botânicos do século 19 usaram aliança para denotar grupos que agora seriam considerados ordens. Esse uso agora está obsoleto e o ICN (Artigo 17.2) especifica que esses táxons são tratados como ordens.

Notas

  • Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês cujo título é «Alliance (taxonomy)».

Referências

  1. ↑ Emshwiller, E. (2002), «Ploidy Levels among Species in the 'Oxalis tuberosa Alliance' as Inferred by Flow Cytometry», Annals of Botany, 89 (6): 741–753, PMC 4233841Acessível livremente, PMID 12102530, doi:10.1093/aob/mcf135 
  2. ↑ Zhai, J.-W.; Zhang, G.-Q.; Li, L.; Wang, M.; Chen, L.-J.; Chung, S.-W.; et al. (2014), «A new phylogenetic analysis sheds new light on the relationships in the Calanthe alliance (Orchidaceae) in China», Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 77 (Complete): 216–222, PMID 24747128, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.005 
  3. ↑ Zhang Guo-Qiang; Liu Ke-Wei; Chen Li-Jun; Xiao Xin-Ju; Zhai Jun-Wen; Li Li-Qiang; Cai Jing; Hsiao Yu-Yun; Rao Wen-Hui (2013). «A New Molecular Phylogeny and a New Genus, Pendulorchis, of the Aerides–Vanda Alliance (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae)». PLOS ONE. 8: e60097. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860097Z. PMC 3618120Acessível livremente. PMID 23577083. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060097 
  4. ↑ Salazar, G.A.; Chase, M.W.; Soto Arenas, M.A.; Ingrouille, M. (2003), «Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences», American Journal of Botany, 90 (5): 777–795, PMID 21659175, doi:10.3732/ajb.90.5.777 

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