Alfa

 Nota: Este artigo é sobre a letra grega. Para a variante do SARS-CoV-2, veja B.1.1.7. Para outros significados, veja Alfa (desambiguação).
Alfabeto grego
Αα Αlfa Νν Ni
Ββ Víta Ξξ Csi
Γγ Gama Οο Ómicron
Δδ Delta Ππ Pi
Εε Épsilon Ρρ Rô
Ζζ Zíta Σσς Sigma
Ηη Íta Ττ Taf
Θθ Fíta Υυ Ýpsilon
Ιι Iota Φφ Fi
Κκ Capa Χχ Qui
Λλ Lambda Ψψ Psi
Μμ Mi Ωω Ômega
Letras obsoletas
Digama San
Hetá Sho
Letras numéricas
Stigma Sampi
Qoppa

Alfa (Α ou α; em grego: άλφα, transl.: álpha) é a primeira letra do alfabeto grego[1] e tem um valor numérico de 1. Ela é derivada da letra fenícia Aleph ou Álefe .[2][3] Letras que surgiram de alfa incluem o A do latim e a letra A do alfabeto cirílico.

Plutarco em Moralia apresenta uma discussão sobre a razão da letra alfa ser a primeira no alfabeto. O locutor de Plutarco sugere que Cadmo, o fenício que supostamente morou na cidade grega de Tebas e introduziu o alfabeto na Grécia, "colocou alfa primeiro porque esse é o nome fenício para touro, que eles, como Hesíodo, consideravam não como a segunda ou terceira, mas a primeira das necessidades." É uma referência a uma passagem em Os Trabalhos e os Dias, de Hesíodo, que aconselhava os primeiros fazendeiros gregos a "Primeiro consiga um touro, depois uma mulher." Uma explicação mais simples é que ela era a primeira letra no alfabeto fenício.

De acordo com a ordem natural de Plutarco de atribuição de vogais aos planetas, alfa estava ligada à Lua. Pois também eram associados à Lua no simbolismo religioso primitivo tanto de sumérios quanto de egípcios devido ao formato crescente de seus chifres.

A letra alfa maiúscula geralmente não é utilizada como símbolo porque costuma ser escrita de forma idêntica à letra A latina.

Em Física, a letra α minúscula é usada como símbolo para, entre outras, a aceleração angular, o coeficiente linear de dilatação térmica e proporcionalidade.

Alfa é normalmente usada como adjetivo para indicar a primeiro ou a ocorrência mais significativa, como o macho alfa, a estrela alfa de uma constelação, ou a versão alfa de um programa. Segundo os cristãos, Jesus disse ser "o Alfa e o Ómega, o primeiro e o último, o princípio e o fim." (Apocalipse 22:13, ver também 1:8).

Classificação

Referências

  1. ↑ «Alfa». Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa. Priberam Informática. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2020 
  2. ↑ «Alpha». Online Etymology Dictionary. Consultado em 12 de abril de 2020 
  3. ↑ Chambers concise dictionary (em inglês). Nova Déli: Allied Publishers. 2004. p. 26 

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