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Agente económico

Um agente económico é toda a entidade com autonomia, capaz de realizar operações económicas e de deter valor económico. O agente económico pode ser uma família, uma empresa, uma instituição financeira ou até uma administração pública, tendo cada tipo de agente uma ou mais funções diferentes dos restantes agentes. No exercício das funções, estabelecem-se interações e relações entre os agentes, criando-se um circuito económico.[1]

Tipos de agentes

Agente económico Principais funções
Famílias Consumo de bens e serviços
Empresas não financeiras Produção de bens e serviços mercantis não financeiros
Instituições financeiras Prestação de serviços financeiros
Estado e Administrações Públicas Satisfação das necessidades coletivas e redistribuição do rendimento
Resto do Mundo Troca de bens, serviços e capitais

Conceitos

Microagente e macroagente

Um microagente é um conceito que designa um elemento de um determinado tipo de agente. A Sonae, o Banco Central Europeu e a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa são exemplos de microagentes. Macroagentes, pelo contrário, correspondem a um agregado de um tipo de agente numa economia nacional. Por exemplo, o conjunto das famílias portuguesas constituem um macroagente.[carece de fontes?]

Unidades e setores institucionais

Ver artigo principal: Unidade institucional

Uma unidade institucional é um conceito-base da contabilidade nacional. É caracterizado pela autonomia de decisão e por possuir uma contabilidade completa. Sectores institucionais, à semelhança dos macroagentes, são constituídos por todas as unidades institucionais que têm um comportamento económico análogo. Segundo as contas nacionais portuguesas, consideram-se os seguintes sectores institucionais: sociedades não financeiras, sociedades financeiras, administrações públicas, famílias, instituições sem fins lucrativos, e resto do mundo.

Ver também

Referências

  1. «agentes económicos». Infopédia. Consultado em 16 de Janeiro de 2015 
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