Úmbria

Itália Úmbria
Umbria		 
  Região  
Símbolos
Bandeira de Úmbria Umbria
Bandeira
Localização
Localização da região na Itália
Localização da região na Itália
Localização da região na Itália
Coordenadas 42° 59′ 00″ N, 12° 34′ 00″ L
País Itália
Administração
Capital Perugia
Características geográficas
Área total 8 456 km²
População total 867 878 hab.
Densidade 102,6 hab./km²
Outros dados
Províncias Perúgia, Terni
Sítio www.regione.umbria.it

A Úmbria (em italiano Umbria) é uma região da Itália central com 8456 km² e 834 mil habitantes, cuja capital é Perugia (ou Perúsia).[1][2][3] Tem fronteiras com a Toscana a oeste, as Marcas a leste e o Lácio ao sul.

Administração

Esta região é composta das seguintes províncias:

Geografia

A Úmbria é uma região que está localizada numa posição geográfica que usufrui de toda a beleza das montanhas dos Apeninos e do rio Tibre.[1][2][3]

A atual região da Úmbria é bastante diferente da região no tempo dos romanos, que se estendia do norte da região conhecida atualmente como Marche até Ravena, mas que excluía a margem oeste do Tibre; e também, por exemplo, Perugia; que ficava na Etrúria, e a área em torno de Nórcia, que ficava no território sabino.[1][2][3]

Maiores cidades:

História

A região é habitada desde época proto-histórica pelos povos etruscos e úmbrios.[1][2][3] A língua destes era o umbro, aparentada com o latim.[1][2][3] Em 295 a.C., depois da batalha de Sentino, foi conquistada pelos romanos, que estabeleceram algumas colônias e atravessaram o território com a via Flamínia (220 a.C.). Durante a Segunda Guerra Púnica, com a invasão de Aníbal Barca, ocorreu na região a batalha do lago Trasimeno.[1][2][3] A capital Perúgia foi destruída durante a guerra civil entre Marco Antônio e Otávio em 40 a.C.

Depois do fim do Império Romano, o território da região foi palco das lutas entre ostrogodos e bizantinos e tornou-se parte do Ducado de Espoleto (independente entre 571 e metade do século XIII). Carlos Magno conquistou a maior parte dos domínios lombardos e os cedeu ao Papa.[1][2][3] As cidades conquistaram uma certa autonomia e estiveram freqüentemente em guerra entre si, inserindo-se no conflito geral entre o Papado e o Império e entre guelfos e gibelinos.

No século XIV surgiram diversos senhores locais que depois foram absorvidos pelos Estados Pontifícios, sob os quais a região permaneceu até o fim do século XVII.[1][2][3] Com a chegada da Revolução Francesa, fez parte da república romana (1789-1799) e do império napoleônico (1809-1814). Em 1860, seguindo o movimento do risorgimento tornou-se parte do Reino de Itália.[1][2][3]

A Úmbria desempenhou um papel importante na história da Igreja Católica por ser o local de nascimento, em 1180, de São Francisco de Assis, fundador da ordem dos franciscanos.[1][2][3] Francisco de Assis morreu em 1226 e foi proclamado Santo da Igreja Católica em 1228 pelo Papa Gregório IX.[1][2][3]

As manifestações folclóricas são muitas, das quais destacam-se a culinária e a festa das velas.

Economia

A economia regional é baseada em uma rede de pequenas e médias empresas. Além do processamento de aço, têxteis e alimentos, Umbria é conhecida por seus produtos agrícolas: tabaco (Città di Castello), trufa (Nórcia), azeite (Espoleto, Trevi) e vinho (Orvieto, Montefalco e Torgiano).

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k «Statistiche demografiche ISTAT» (em italiano). Dato istat 
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k «Popolazione residente al 31 dicembre 2010» (em italiano). Dato istat 
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k «Istituto Nazionale di Statistica» 🔗 (em italiano). Statistiche I.Stat 

Ligações externas

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