Étienne-Louis Malus

Etienne-Louis Malus
Étienne-Louis Malus
Nascimento 23 de julho de 1775
Paris
Morte 24 de fevereiro de 1812 (36 anos)
Paris
Sepultamento cemitério do Père-Lachaise
Nacionalidade francês
Cidadania França
Alma mater
Ocupação matemático, físico, militar, engenheiro, oficial do exército
Distinções Medalha Rumford (1810)
Empregador(a) Escola Politécnica
Campo(s) física
Causa da morte tuberculose

Etienne-Louis Malus (Paris, 23 de julho de 1775 — Paris, 24 de fevereiro de 1812) foi um oficial, engenheiro, físico e matemático francês. É perpetuado como um dos 72 nomes na Torre Eiffel.

Malus participou da campanha do Egito de Napoleão Bonaparte (1798 a 1801) e foi membro da seção de matemática do Institut d'Égypte. Malus tornou-se membro da Académie des Sciences em 1810, ano em que a Royal Society premiou-o com a Medalha Rumford.[1]

Matemática

Seu trabalho matemático estava quase inteiramente relacionado com o estudo da luz. Ele estudou geométricas sistemas chamados sistemas de raios, intimamente ligado à ray systems de Julius Plücker. Ele conduziu experimentos para verificar as teorias da luz de Christiaan Huygens e reescreveu a teoria de forma analítica. Sua descoberta da polarização da luz por reflexão foi publicada em 1809 e sua teoria da dupla refração da luz nos cristais, em 1810.

Malus tentou identificar a relação entre o ângulo polarizador de reflexão que ele havia descoberto e o índice de refração do material refletivo. Embora tenha deduzido a relação correta para a água, ele não foi capaz de fazê-lo para os vidros devido à baixa qualidade dos materiais disponíveis (a maioria dos vidros naquela época apresentava uma variação no índice de refração entre a superfície e o interior do vidro). Foi somente em 1815 que Sir David Brewster foi capaz de fazer experiências com vidros de alta qualidade e formular corretamente o que é conhecido como a lei de Brewster. Essa lei foi posteriormente explicada teoricamente por Augustin Fresnel, como um caso especial de suas equações de Fresnel.

Malus é provavelmente mais lembrado pela lei de Malus, fornecendo a intensidade resultante, quando um polarizador é colocado no caminho de um feixe incidente.[1]

Trabalhos selecionados

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Kahr, Bart; Claborn, Kacey (2008), «The lives of Malus and his bicentennial law.» (publicado em Jan 11, 2008), ChemPhysChem, 9 (1), pp. 43–58, PMID 17680582, doi:10.1002/cphc.200700173 

Ligações externas


Precedido por
William Murdoch		 Medalha Rumford
1810		 Sucedido por
William Charles Wells

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