Śledzenie punktu mocy maksymalnej

MPPT (ang. Maximum power point tracking), śledzenie punktu mocy maksymalnej – technika umożliwiająca zwiększanie efektywności przetwarzania energii słonecznej w elektryczną. Ilość uzyskanej energii elektrycznej zależy od natężenia światła, temperatury oraz charakterystyki elektrycznej obciążenia panelu słonecznego. Technika MPPT dostosowuje charakterystykę obciążenia do zmieniających się warunków[1]. Chociaż dotyczy to głównie energii słonecznej, technika ta wykorzystywana jest w źródłach o zmiennej mocy, np. turbinach wiatrowych czy optycznej transmisji mocy[2].

Głównym problemem rozwiązywanym przez śledzenie maksymalnego punktu mocy jest wydajność energii elektrycznej uzyskiwanej przez ogniwa słoneczne, które zależą od ilości słońca, które pada na panele słoneczne, a także od właściwości elektrycznych ładunku. Ogniwa słoneczne mają złożoną zależność między temperaturą a rezystancją całkowitą, co daje nieliniowy wynik wydajności, który można analizować na nieliniowej charakterystyce prądowo-napięciowej. Celem MPPT jest próbkowanie mocy wyjściowej ogniw fotowoltaicznych i zastosowanie odpowiedniego obciążenia w celu uzyskania maksymalnej mocy w danych warunkach środowiskowych[3].

Przypisy

  1. What is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) [online], Northern Arizona Wind & Sun [dostęp 2022-06-27] (ang.).
  2. Chowdary V. Govinda i inni, A Review on Various MPPT Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion System, [w:] 2018 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), IEEE, marzec 2018, s. 310–326, DOI10.1109/ICCPEIC.2018.8525219, ISBN 978-1-5386-2447-0 (ang.).
  3. Ali Omar Baba, Guangyu Liu, Xiaohui Chen, Classification and Evaluation Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods, „Sustainable Futures”, 2, 2020, art. nr 100020, DOI10.1016/j.sftr.2020.100020 [dostęp 2024-06-08] (ang.).

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