Sztuczny lód

Sprzedawca z bryłą sztucznego lodu (Berlin, 1957)

Sztuczny lód – lód otrzymywany przez zamrożenie wody w wytwornicy lodu, w postaci bloków o masie od 25 do 200 kg, płyt, drobnych bryłek (np. łusek, kostek) lub śniegu[1]. Po raz pierwszy sztuczny lód wytworzył w 1755 roku szkocki lekarz i chemik William Cullen[2].

W urządzeniach do produkcji sztucznego lodu, tzw. wytwornicach, przy pomocy których wytwarza się bryłki lodu lub śnieg stosowane jest chłodzenie bezpośrednie. Natomiast w wytwornicach lodu w postaci bloków, które są używane rzadziej, wykorzystywane jest chłodzenie pośrednie; w zbiorniku wypełnionym saletrą, która jest bezustannie mieszana, umieszczany jest parownik urządzenia chłodniczego wraz z formami na lód[3].

Lód sztuczny jest stosowany w transporcie chłodniczym oraz do celów konsumpcyjnych[4]. Sztucznie wyrabiany lód wytwarzany jest z wody czystej bakteriologicznie, która filtrowana jest poprzez proces destylacji. Woda może też pochodzić ze studni artezyjskiej[5].

Do chłodzenia ryb używa się lodu sztucznego z wody morskiej[3].

Przypisy

  1. ↑ sztuczny lód – Słownik języka polskiego PWN. sjp.pwn.pl. [dostęp 2020-07-14]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2020-07-14)].
  2. ↑ Dorota Słomczyńska: To nic, że są nietrwałe – Styl życia. rp.pl, 2008-01-16. [dostęp 2020-07-14]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2020-07-14)].
  3. ↑ a b lód sztuczny, [w:] Encyklopedia PWN [online], Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN [dostęp 2020-07-14].
  4. ↑ Barbara Petrozolin-Skowrońska, Andrzej Dyczkowski: Nowy leksykon PWN. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1998, s. 964. ISBN 978-83-01-12490-8. Cytat: „lód sztuczny, lód otrzymywany przez zamrożenie wody (w lodowniku), w postaci płyt, łusek, kostek lub śniegu; stosowany w transporcie chłodniczym i do celów konsumpcyjnych”.
  5. ↑ Karol Ryder. Czy i w jakim stopniu lód przynosi choroby?. „Higjena ciała i sport”, s. 9, 1927-01. Zdzisław Steusing. 

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