Pułapka jonowa

Liniowa pułapką jonowa, służąca do precyzyjnych pomiarów jonów radu.
Liniowa pułapka jonowa w University of Calgary

Pułapka jonowa - urządzenie, którego podstawowym zadaniem jest przechowywanie cząstek obdarzonych ładunkiem (np. jonów, elektronów, protonów) przez pewien czas. Do uwięzienia jonów wykorzystuje się połączenie pól elektrycznych i magnetycznych.

Najważniejsze typy pułapek:

  • Pułapka Penninga – uwięzienie cząstki uzyskuje się przez jednorodne pole magnetyczne oraz kwadrupolowe pole elektryczne,
  • Pułapka Paula (kwadrupolowa) – uwięzienie cząstki następuje przez połączenie statycznego i zmiennego kwadrupolowego pola elektrycznego. Wyróżnia się pułapkę liniową (2D) i cylindryczna (3D).
  • pułapka elektrostatyczna Kingdoma (Kingdom trap) – uwięzienie cząstki następuje wyłącznie przez pole elektrostatyczne. Na jej założeniach zbudowano Orbitrap.

Pułapki jonowe rozbudowane o dodatkowe elementy umożliwiają manipulację jonami przez co mają szereg zastosowań naukowych, takich jak pomiar masy, własności magnetycznych i elektrycznych cząstek, wytwarzanie jonów, separatory jonów. Dzięki temu znajdują zastosowanie w badaniach podstawowych fizyki jak i pomiarach technicznych.

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