Liczba Froude’a

Liczba Frouda (właśc. liczba Froude’a) – liczba podobieństwa, opisująca wpływ siły ciężkości – lub szerzej siły wyporu – na zjawiska przepływu płynów. Jej nazwa pochodzi od Williama Froude’a.

Intuicyjnie, liczba Frouda określa stosunek energii kinetycznej cieczy do energii potencjalnej potrzebnej do odchylenia (wymuszenia) przepływu płynów (cieczy lub gazu)[1].

gdzie:

  • – prędkość przepływu płynu,
  • – przyspieszenie ziemskie,
  • – wymiar liniowy (np. wymiar statku, modelu, głębokość płynu, ew. głębokość fali grawitacyjnej).

Ze względu na fakt, iż w wielu zastosowaniach istotne jest jedynie, czy liczba Froude’a jest mniejsza lub większa od jedności, bywa ona podawana jako pierwiastek wyrażenia podanego wcześniej, tj.

Liczba Froude’a jest istotnym parametrem podobieństwa np. w hydrodynamice (konstrukcja modeli statków) lub inżynierii lądowej (konstrukcja progów wodnych, upustów zapór itp.)[2].

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Jerzy Bukowski: Mechanika Płynów. Warszawa: PWN, 1959, s. 167.
  2. ↑ Frank Mangrem White: Viscous Fluid Flow. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1974, s. 91–93. ISBN 0-07-069710-8.

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