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Dwuznak

Dwuznak, digraf – dwie litery oznaczające jedną głoskę.

Zjawisko spotykane w wielu systemach ortograficznych. Najczęściej dotyczy połączenia liter spółgłoskowych (czyli służących do zapisywania spółgłosek). W alfabetach opartych na piśmie łacińskim najpopularniejszym dwuznakiem jest połączenie „ch”, występujące m.in. w języku niemieckim, francuskim, angielskim, hiszpańskim, czeskim, słowackim, polskim, portugalskim i włoskim.

Przykłady

Dwuznak Głoska Przykład
Ch [k] wł. anche ‘także’
[ʧ] ang. chair ‘krzesło’
[ʃ] fr. chat ‘kot’
[ç] niem. ich ‘ja’
[x] pol. chata; ang. loch ‘jezioro’; niem. Buch ‘książka’
Ck [k] ang. black ‘czarny’
Cs [ʧ] węg. csont ‘kość’
Cz [ʧ] pol. czoło
Dz [ʣ] pol. dzwon
[ʥ] pol. dźwięk
[ʤ] pol. dżdżownica
Gh [ɡ] ang. ghost ‘duch’; wł. ghiaccio ‘lód’
[f] ang. enough ‘wystarczająco’
Gl [ʎ] wł. figlia ‘córka’
Gn [ɲ] fr. signe ‘znak’; wł. gnomo 'gnom'
Kn [n] ang. know ‘wiedzieć’
Ly [j] węg. gólya ‘bocian’
Ng [ŋ] ang. king ‘król’
Ny [ɲ] węg. anya ‘matka’
Ph [f] ang. phase ‘faza’
Qu [k] fr. quatre ‘cztery’; hiszp. porque ‘dlaczego’
[kw] wł. questo ‘ten’
Rz [ʒ] pol. rzeka
Sc [ʃ] wł. sciare ‘jeździć na nartach’
Sh [ʃ] ang. show ‘pokazać’
Sz [s] węg. szem ‘oko’
[ʃ] pol. szum
Th [θ] ang. thin ‘cienki’
[ð] ang. this ‘to’
Xh [ʤ] alb. xhami ‘meczet’
Zh [ʒ] alb. zhdukje ‘zniknięcie’
Zs [ʒ] węg. zseb ‘kieszeń’

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