Cyklotron izochroniczny

Schemat biegunów elektromagnesu cyklotronu izochronicznego

Cyklotron izochroniczny (akcelerator z azymutalną modulacją pola) — cyklotron skonstruowany tak, aby czas jednego obiegu rozpędzanych cząstek był stały (stąd nazwa izochroniczny) pomimo wzrostu masy cząstki wywołanej efektami relatywistycznymi. Efekty te występują przy rozpędzaniu cząstek do prędkości porównywalnych z prędkością światła w próżni.[1]

Stały czas obiegu uzyskuje się poprzez odpowiednie ukształtowanie pola magnetycznego zakrzywiającego tor ruchu cząstek. Wzrost pola magnetycznego na zewnątrz uzyskuje się poprzez wykonanie odpowiednich nacięć w rdzeniu elektromagnesu (jak przedstawione na rysunku).[1]

Modyfikacja taka upraszcza układ wytwarzania napięcia przyspieszającego, który w takim akceleratorze jest generatorem o stałej częstotliwości. Konstrukcja ta umożliwia pracę ciągłą akceleratora, a przez to także zwiększa maksymalną energię możliwą do osiągnięcia oraz natężenie wiązki.[1]

Cyklotrony takie stosowane są głównie do celów naukowych i medycznych.

Centrum Cyklotronowe Bronowice w krakowskich Bronowicach Wielkich, stanowiące dział Instytutu Fizyki Jądrowej im. Henryka Niewodniczańskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie, dysponuje obecnie dwoma cyklotronami[2]:

  • cyklotronem izochronicznym AIC-144
  • cyklotronem izochronicznym Proteus C-235

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. ↑ a b c red. nacz. tomu Jan Zienkiewicz: red. nacz. Heliodor Chmielewski: Encyklopedia Techniki. T. Energia jądrowa. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowo-Techniczne, 1970, s. 16, seria: Encyklopedia Techniki.
  2. ↑ Centrum Cyklotronowe Bronowice, Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN - info

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