Bebop

Lo bebop (o bop) es un estil de jazz caracterizat per de tempos rapids e una improvisacion basada mai sus l'estructura armonica que sus la melodia. Foguèt desvolopat al començam e a la mitat dels ans quaranta del Sègle XX. L'Hard bop n'es pas qu'una evolucion posteriora que combina lo bebop amb lo blues e lo gospel. Los sieus principals creadors serián entre autras, Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, Max Roach e Dizzy Gillespie. Cronologicament ven après lo swing e abans lo cool jazz.

Al començament dels ans 40, lo swing se trobava dins una endrona. D'en primièr creat pels musicians negres aquela tendéncia foguèt lèu assumida per de musicians blancs (Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman...). Lo fach de jogar en big bands limitava fòrça la durada e la libertat pendent los solos. Après las prestacions en big band los musicians negres demoravan dins çò que nomenavan las jam sessions per far espelir lor creativitat dins de longs solos en ritmes furioses.

Lo bebop cambièt l'estructura de las bandas redusent lo nombre d'interprètas e en mermant doncas lo pes instrumental de las seccions de vent e apondent la Bateriá e de bassas al rèsta dels instruments. D'un autre costat lo bebop èra una musica mai complèxa, insistissent sus l'interpretacion de diferents ritmes de biais frenetic e l'improvisacion sus las estructuras armonicas, desplacèt l'interpretacion nuda e cruda de la melodia. Totas aquelas caracteristicas demandan una interaccion dinamica entre los diferents membres del grop, se destacant individualament mercés als solos que podián durar una bona partida dels tèmas.

Lo bebop acampava los marginals de la societat de l'epòca (poètas, artistas, traficants de drògas e proxenetes). Lo bebop a una estrecha relacion amb lo movement beatnik. La majoritat de las criticas apreciavan pas gaire aquel nòu estil.

En quin cas que siá, lo bebop arribèt pas a èsser tant popular coma lo swing. En primièr luòc perque en lo moment fòrt de la revolucion bebop, lo 1942, lo Sindicat dels Musicians enebiguèt los musicians d'enregistrar per causa de manca de revenguts de la musica reprodusida. En consequéncia fòrça d'aquela musica foguèt pas enregistrada. En segond luòc aquela èra pas una musica aisida coma lo swing, mas imprevisibla. Lo grand public preferissiá la musica de divertiment e d'espectacle (Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby...). D'un autre costat, la musica negra que començava a atraire las massas èra lo rythm and blues, los grops pichons e de la musica populara d'ont sorgiriá mai tard lo rock and roll.

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