Strømtransformator

Strømtransformator er en transformator som gir et fast forhold av strømmen som egentlig går i en leder. Strømtransformator blir typisk brukt for å begrense strømmen som går gjennom et måleapparat.

Virkemåte

Som andre transformatorer har strømtransformatoren en primærvikling, en magnetisk kjerne og en sekundærvikling. Vekselstrøm kommer inn i primærviklingen, noe som setter opp et magnetfelt i kjernen og en strøm i sekundærviklingen. Strømmen som overføres er avhengig av forholdet mellom antall viklinger på primær- og sekundærsiden.

Bruk

Strømtransformatorer brukes for måling og monitorering av strømnettet.

Strømtransformator (kopling)

Alternativt kan en helt vanlig transformator brukes som strømtransformator i elektronikk. Den er da ikke en transformator for monitoreringsformål. Der er overveiende mere vanlig å se mere på spenningsforholdene ved bruk av en transformator, enn på strømforholdene. Til en strømtransformator sendes en elektrisk (varierende) strøm. Den transformerte strømmen kan da tas ut på den andre viklingen. Den andre viklingen må da være kortsluttet og utgangsstrømmen går gjennom kortslutningen. Utgangsstrømmen blir omvendt proporsjonal til tørnforholdet, ${\textstyle I_{\mathrm {ut} }=I_{\mathrm {inn} }\cdot N_{p}/N_{s}}$ . Spenningene gis av impedansene på inn- og utgang.

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