Spøkelsesinsekter

Spøkelsesinsekter
Et vandrende blad.
Nomenklatur
Phasmatodea
Populærnavn
Spøkelsesinsekter
Hører til
vingede insekter,
vingede insekter,
insekter,
leddyr
Økologi
Antall arter: Ingen frittlevende arter i Norge
ca. 3 000 i verden, 15 i Europa
Habitat: mest i tropiske (varme) områder. Ofte på blad og i trær.
Utbredelse: på land,
Inndelt i

Spøkelsesinsektene (Phasmatodea) er en gruppe av de «gresshoppelignende insekter» (Orthopteroida). De er mestere i kamuflasje og kalles for vandrende blad, vandrepinner eller pinnedyr. Det er beskrevet mer enn 3 000 arter av blad- og pinnedyr i verden. Spøkelsesinsekter er enkle å holde i bur og enkelte arter er populære som kjæledyr.

Utbredelse

Spøkelsesinsektene har sin hovedutbredelse i tropiske strøk. Ingen arter finnes naturlig i Norge.

Utseende

En vandrende pinne, pinnedyret.

Spøkelsesinsektene er store insekter med godt utviklede bakbein. De fleste arter ligner pinner eller blad og går således i ett med vegetasjonen. Ofte har hannen utviklede vinger og er flyvedyktig, mens hunnens vinger normalt er reduserte. Flere arter har reduserte vinger, eller de er helt vingeløse. Noen arter kan ha en kroppslengde på nær 30 cm.

Levevis

Spøkelsesinsektene er mestere i kamuflasje, både i farge og utseende. Selv om de er plassert i nær slekt med gresshopper kan de ikke hoppe slik som gresshoppene. De er aktive i mørke og sitter vanligvis ganske stille om dagen. Blir de skremt sitter de ofte helt stille og de kan være svært vanskelige å oppdage.

Spøkelsesinsektene har ufullstendig forvandling, overgang fra nyklekt larve (nymfe) til det voksne kjønnsmodne insektet går gradvis gjennom flere hudskift (nymfestadier). Eggene slippes rett på bakken.

Systematisk inndeling

Spøkelsesinsektene ble lenge plassert som en egen familie innen Rettvinger, men er nå ofte plassert i en egen orden Spøkelsesinsektene (Phasmatodea) og er en delgruppe av de «gresshoppelignende insekter» (Orthopteroida). Rettvingene (Orthoptera), er resten av denne gruppen, og er igjen delt i to underordener. Vortebitere og sirisser (Ensifera) og Gresshopper (Caelifera). Et latinsk familienavn ender med ...idae, og et navn på en overfamilie på ...idea.

Det finnes flere måter å systematisk dele inn gruppene av de «gresshoppelignende insektene». Her er en måte. Denne listen er ikke helt fullstendig.

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