Servostyring

Servostyring er et system for å redusere kreftene som er nødvendig å bruke for å styre en bil, ved å benytte en ekstern kraftkilde som hjelper til med å vri hjulene. Servostyring ble oppfunnet på 1920-tallet av Francis W. Davis og George Jessup i Waltham, Massachusetts. Chrysler Corporation introduserte det første kommersielle servostyringssystemet i 1951, i sin Chrysler Imperial, under navnet Hydraguide.

Hydrauliske systemer

De fleste servostyringssystemer fungerer ved hjelp av en beltedrevet pumpe som leverer hydraulisk trykk til systemet. Dette hydrauliske trykket blir generert av en pumpe som blir drevet av bilens motor. Når motorens turtall øker, øker også trykket i hydraulikkvæsken, og derfor er det også montert en ventil som letter systemet for overskuddstrykk.

Når servostyringen ikke benyttes, som når bilen kjører i en rett linje, leveres likt trykk til hjulene på begge sider. Når rattet blir snudd leverer systemet ulikt trykk til de to hjulene foran, og hjelper dermed til å vri hjulene i riktig retning.

Nærbilde av servopumpen på en Jeep 2.5 liters 4-sylindret motor

Elektriske systemer

Mer moderne systemer er utelukkende basert på elektriske komponenter. Sensorer oppdager bevegelsene og kreftene fra rattet, og en datamaskin leverer riktig kraft til hjulene via elektriske motorer. Dette gjør det mulig med varierende assistanse basert på kjøreforholdene.

I kontrast til de hydrauliske systemene er kommunikasjonen "enveis" i et elektrisk system. Rattet sender krefter til forhjulene, assistert av motorene, mens kreftene på forhjulene ikke blir sendt tilbake gjennom motorene til rattet. Dermed får ikke sjåføren den samme graden av tilbakemeldinger, og dette blir ofte kritisert ved at servostyrte biler mangler "styrefølelser".

Elektro-hydrauliske systemer

Såkalte hybrid-systemer benytter seg av den samme hydraulikkteknologien som standardsystemer, forskjellen er at det hydrauliske trykket leveres av en elektrisk motor istedenfor en beltedrevet.

Se også

Drive-by-wire

Eksterne lenker

(en) Power steering (automotive) – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på Commons

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