Sedimentvifte

En sedimentvifte, elvevifte eller alluvial vifte er en avsetning av alluviale (f.eks. fluviale) sedimenter. Sedimentvifter forekommer i daler eller skråninger nær sedimentets kildeområde, der elvens bratthet avtar (eller brattheten til en annen form for massetransport). Samtidig som sedimentviften bygger seg opp, blir derfor et område umiddelbart over sedimentviften erodert ut til en v-dal eller canyon. Med brattheten avtar transporthastigheten, slik at den transporterte massen sedimenterer. Ved en aktiv sedimentvifte vil elven blokkeres av tidligere sedimenter og ofte skifte (og/eller ha flere) løp. Sedimentviften er derfor, som navnet antyder, formet som en vifte (sett ovenfra) – eller strengt tatt som en (halv)kjegle. Helningen og høyden på kjegla avhenger av transporthastigheten ovenfor og ved sedimentviften og av sedimentets kornstørrelse. Sedimentvifter oppstår ofte foran fjellkjeder; elvedeltaer er andre eksempler på sedimentvifter.

Sedimentvifter kan også ha betydning for kulturlandskapet. For det første er sedimentene ofte fruktbare, noe som gjør dem til gode jordbruksarealer. For det andre fins det eksempler på at bosetninger ble lagt til inaktive sedimentvifter, fordi de er bedre beskytta mot flom enn selve dalbunnen.

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