ONUC

Svensk FN-soldat i Kongo

Opération des Nations Unies au Congo, ONUC, var en fredsbevarende FN-styrke som ble iverksatt på grunnlag av FNs sikkerhetsråds resolusjon 143 av 14. juli 1960.

Bakgrunn

Opprinnelig var hensikten å sikre tilbaketrekningen av de belgiske styrkene, å hjelpe myndighetene med å opprettholde alminnelig ro og orden samt å gi teknisk bistand. Etter hvert ble mandatet utvidet til også å sikre Kongo territorial integritet og politisk uavhengighet og forhindre borgerkrig.

FN-styrken

Svenske FN-soldater

Norske enheter deltok i blant annet en luftvernbataljon (LVBN). De norske styrkene tjenestegjorde blant annet i Katanga-provinsen i daværende Kongo, med helikoptre, medisinsk enhet og militærpoliti stasjonert på den tidligere belgiske basen i Kamina.

Hovedkvarteret lå i Léopoldville. Alt i alt deltok mer enn 19 000 militære og sivile, tekniske eksperter fra et tredvetalls land i operasjonen fra 1960 til 1964. Av disse var 1 173 nordmenn. Ett norsk liv gikk tapt under operasjonene fra 1960 til 1964

FNs daværende generalsekretær, Dag Hammarskjöld, omkom i en flyulykke ved Ndola i Zambia, under en inspeksjonsreise i Kongo i dagene etter 17. september 1961.

Påstander om krigsforbrytelser

I Dagsrevyen den 18. februar 2007 ble det hevdet at norske soldater begikk krigsforbrytelser i løpet av tjenestetiden i Kongo. Flere veteraner uttalte at de hadde hørt om kritikkverdige forhold. De opplyste at de ikke hadde fått noen form for oppfølging fra Forsvaret etter endt tjeneste.

Følgende var ledere for de militære operasjonene

  • General von Horn, Sverige, juli 1960 – desember 1960
  • General MacEoin, Irland, januar 1961 – mars 1962
  • General Guebre, Etiopia, april 1962 – juli 1963
  • General Kaldager, Norge, august 1963 – desember 1963
  • General Ironsi, Nigeria, januar 1964 – juni 1964

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