Litiumbatteri

CR2032 litiumbatteri.

Litiumbatterier er primære batterier som har metallisk litium som anode. Disse typer batterier blir også referert til som litiummetallbatterier.

De skiller seg fra andre batterier i høy ladningstetthet (lang levetid) og høye kostnader per enhet. Avhengig av design og kjemiske forbindelser som brukes, kan litiumceller produsere spenninger fra 1,5 V (sammenlignbar med sink-karbon eller alkalisk batteri) til ca. 3,7 V.

Engangs primære litiumbatterier må skille seg fra sekundære litium-ion eller en litium-polymer,[1] som er oppladbare batterier. Litium er spesielt nyttig, fordi dets ioner kan arrangeres for å bevege seg mellom anoden og katoden ved å bruke en innblandet litiumforbindelse som katodemateriale, men uten å bruke litiummetall som anodemateriale. Rent litium vil umiddelbart reagere med vann eller til og med fuktighet i luften; litium i litiumionbatterier er i en mindre reaktiv forbindelse.

Litiumbatterier er mye brukt i bærbare forbrukerelektroniske enheter, og i elektriske biler som spenner fra biler i full størrelse til radiostyrte leker. Uttrykket "litiumbatteri" refererer til en familie av forskjellige litiummetallkjemikalier, som omfatter mange typer katoder og elektrolytter, men alle med metallisk litium som anode. Batteriet krever fra 0,15 til 0,3 kg litium per kWh. Som designet bruker disse primære systemene en ladet katode, det vil si et elektroaktivt materiale med krystallografiske ledige stillinger som fylles gradvis under utladning.

Den vanligste typen litiumceller som brukes i forbrukerapplikasjoner, bruker metallisk litium som anode og mangandioksid som katode, med et salt av litium oppløst i et organisk løsningsmiddel som elektrolytt.[2]

Referanser

  1. ^ batscap.com. «Batscap - La batterie lithium métal polymère». Arkivert fra originalen 8. august 2012. Besøkt 20. februar 2021. 
  2. ^ Senit SF - Naturfag for VG1 (av van Marion, Hov, Thyrhaug og Trongmo), 2. utgave, 1. opplag Gyldendal Norsk Forlag AS 2009, side 209

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