John Murray (4. jarl av Dunmore)

John Murray

Født		1730^[1]^[2] Skottland
Død		25. feb. 1809^[3]^[2] Ramsgate
Beskjeftigelse		Politiker
Embete		Governor of Virginia medlem av Overhuset (–ukjent)
Ektefelle		Lady Charlotte Stewart (1759–)^[4]
Far		William Murray, 3rd Earl of Dunmore^[5]
Mor		Catherine Murray^[5]
Barn		8 oppføringer Augusta Murray George Murray, 5th Earl of Dunmore Lady Catherine Murray^[5] William Murray^[5] Alexander Murray^[5] John Murray^[5] Lady Susan Murray^[5] Leveson Granville Keith Murray^[5]
Nasjonalitet		Det forente kongerike Storbritannia og Irland
Signatur

John Murray på Commons

John Murray, 4. jarl av Dunmore (født 1730, død 25. februar 1809) var britisk guvernør i provinsen New York fra 1770 til 1771 og kolonien Virginia fra 25. september 1771 til han dro til New York på nyttårsaften 1776. I hans tid som Virginias guvernør, rettet han en rekke felttog mot indianerne kjent som Lord Dunmores krig. Shawneene var hovedmålet for disse angrepene, og hans formål var å styrke Virginias krav i vest, særlig i Ohio Country. Men noen har anklaget ham for å konspirere med shawneene og arrangerte krigen for å utmatte Virginias milits og hjelpe til med å styrke lojalistenes sak, dersom det skulle oppstå et opprør i kolonien.

Fra 1774 av var Dunmore kontinuerlig i konflikt med forsamlingen i Virginia. Han forlot Williamsburg 8. juni 1775 og trakk seg tilbake til sin jakthytte, Porto Bello, og måtte søke tilflukt på det britiske krigsskipet «Fowey» i York River da den amerikanske uavhengighetskrigen begynte. Da han innså at han ikke kunne ta tilbake kontrollen i Virginia, returnerte han til Storbritannia i juli 1776.

Han er kjent for lord Dunmores proklamasjon den 7. november 1775 hvor han tilbød slaver som sluttet seg til hans armé frihet. Dette var den første massfrigjøringen av slaver i Nord-Amerika. Han organiserte disse svarte lojalistene i et etiopisk regiment. Men etter slaget ved Kemps Landing, ble Dunmores for selvsikker. Han ble lurt av en dobbeltagent og møtte sine motstandere i slaget ved Great Bridge den 9. desember 1775. Etter dette nederlaget gikk han ombord med sin hær i britiske skip og trakk seg tilbake til New York.

Referanser

^ Electronic Enlightenment, Electronic Enlightenment-ID murrajohn0002639^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}
^ ^a ^b The Peerage, oppført som John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, The Peerage person ID p10852.htm#i108516, besøkt 9. oktober 2017^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}
^ Murray, John (1730 or 1732–25 February 1809), fourth earl of Dunmore and royal governor of New York, Virginia, and the Bahamas, besøkt 9. oktober 2017^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}
^ The Peerage person ID p10852.htm#i108516, besøkt 7. august 2020^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h The Peerage^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}

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Lord Dunmores proklamasjon

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