Jinghubanen

Jinghubanen føres i nedre nivå av Yangzibroen i Nanjing over Kinas største elv.

Jinghubanen (kinesisk: 京沪铁路; pinyin: Jīnghù tiĕlù) er jernbanelinjen som fører mellom Beijing og Shanghai i Folkerepublikken, gjennom Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui og Jiangsu. Den har en trasé på 1462 kilometer. På kinesisk betyr Jing «hovedstaden» (altså Beijing) og Hu står for Shanghai.

Før kommunistenenes maktovertakelse i 1949, på den tid da Nanjing var Kinas hovedstad, fantes det også en Jinghubane; den løp mellom Nanjing og Shanghai.

Historie

Jinghubanen består av tre avsnitt. Disse tre avsnittene er blant de eldste jernbanelinjer i Kina, bygd før 1910.

Det første avsnittet er fra Beijing til Tianjin, og deler trasé med Jinghabanen. Dette avsnittet var før del av Jingfengbanen.

Annet avsnitt er fra Tianjin til Pukou, og ble tidligere kalt Tianjin-Pukou-banen. Mellom Pukou og Nanjing krysser jernbanen Yangtzefloden. Togvognene ble ført over i elveferger før Nanjing-Yangtze-jernbanebroen ble ferdig i 1968.

Det tredje avsnittet er mellom Nanjing og Shanghai. Denne delen kalles Huningbanen. I perioden 1927–1949, da Kina hadde Nanjing som hovedstad, var det dette avsnittet alene som ble kalt Jinghubanen. Navneskiftet av hele strekningen Beijing-Shanghai til Jinghubanen fant sted i 1968, da Yangtzebroen var ferdig.

Dagens situasjon

Jernbanelinjen mellom Beijing og Shanghai er en av Kinas travleste. Den er tospors mellom Tianjin og Shanghai, og trespors mellom Beijing og Tianjin. De raskeste togene trafikkerer hele strekningen på mellom 9 timer og 59 minutter, og på 10 timer og 4 minutter. Togene er gjennomgående svært fulle, og frekvensen svært hyppig.

En høyhastigets jernbanetrase, Beijing-Shanghai ekspressjernbane, er nå under bygging noenlunde parallelt til Jinghubanen for å kunne overta en del av den voksende trafikken.

Nattogene på Jinghubanen trafikkerer gjerne helt non stop, men det er også en del tog som stanser underveis. De viktigste (og de nest viktigste) stoppestedene er:

Beijing – (Langfang) – Tianjin – (Cangzhou) – (Dezhou) – Jinan – (Taishan) – (Jiuzhou) – Xuzhou – (Suzhou i Anhui) – (Bengbu) – Nanjing – (Zhenjiang) – (Changzhou) – (Wuxi) – Suzhou – (Kunshan) – Shanghai

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