Huset Crawford

Huset Crawford var en adelig slekt med opprinnelsested i Ayrshire i Skottland. Opprinnelig ble navnet stavet på en fransk måte; Crauford.

Til tross for den franske stavemåten av navnet Craufurd/Crawford eller tilsvarende anglofisering er familien ikke fullstendig normannisk. Crawford er muligens en oversettelse fra Strathclyde-gælisk i betydningen «overgang i blod», hvor cru er blod, og overgang eller krysning er ford; altså cruford, eller Crawford. Innenfor Crawfords landområder i Lanarkshire finnes ruinene av en gammel førhistorisk festning på høyre side av øvre River Clyde hvor mytene forteller om mange blodige konflikter mellom romere og britoner.

Huset Crawford liker å fremstille seg som ekte keltere eller av caledonisk avstamning, men all slektsforskning viser delvis til dansk stamfar. På begynnelsen av 1100-tallet slo en Tor Leivsson fra Perthshire, som i skotske krøniker omtales som Thorlongus (Thor the Tall) av Merse (Ednam), seg ned i området. Han var sønn av Leiv, eller Lefwin, eller i gammelengelsk skrivemåte, Leofwine. Han flyktet fra det nordlige England da Vilhelm Erobreren hadde en form for etnisk utrenskning i områdene rundt Northumbria.

Tors sønn, Svein Torsson, omtales som Swane Thorson av Swinton. Han giftet seg øyensynlig lokalt og fikk en sønn kalt Galfridus Swaneson av Crawford. Svein Torsson, stamfar til Huset Ruthven, hadde en datter som ble giftet med en Alan (anglofisering av Gregan), den yngste sønn til den 4. jarl av Richmond i Yorkshire, som igjen nedstammer fra Normandie. Huset Crawford oppsto som en miks mellom norsk og anglo-normannisk blod.

Galfridus de Craufurd, en sønn av Svein, ble gitt land i Clydesdale av kong David I av Skottland (1124 – 1153). Dennes sønner, Gregan de Craufurd og Johannes de Craufurd, var riddere i den skotske kongens tjeneste på midten av 1100-tallet. Kong David var den som anerkjente familien og tildelte land i Strathclyde, kalt Crawfordjohn, og i Galloway, Dalmagregan. Familiens motto er Tutum Te Robore Reddam – Jeg vil gjøre deg trygg med styrke.

Hoveddelen av familien arvet posisjonen som sheriff i Ayr, kjent som Auchinames av Craufurland. De fikk tildelt land i 1320 av kong Robert I av Skottland. I løpet av 1300-tallet giftet John Crawfords datter seg med David Lindsay, sjef for Huset Lindsay, og Sir David Lindsay ble den første jarl av Crawford og Lindsay i 1398, og våpenskjoldet og sannsynligvis mottoet kommer fra denne perioden.

Kjente navn fra Huset Crawford

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