Genetikk

Gregor Mendel regnes som opphavet til den moderne genlæren.

Genetikk (av gresk genetikos, som betyr «fruktbar, produktiv»), er læren om arv og gener, en gren av biologien. Genetiske metoder er også mye brukt innen medisinsk forskning.

Historikk

I 1866 og 1870 publiserte Gregor Mendel sine teorier om kombinasjon av arveanlegg i avkom, men de fikk ikke oppmerksomhet før i begynnelsen av 1900-tallet. I 1906 introduserte William Bateson begrepet genetikk, og genetikk ble grunnlagt som vitenskap.

Da Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck og Charles Darwin la fram sine teorier om evolusjon, visste altså ingen av dem hvordan egenskaper nedarves. Begge trodde for eksempel at ervervede egenskaper kunne bli nedarvet (se lamarckisme), hvilket ble tilbakevist av August Weismann i 1883. For Darwin var det et stort problem at han ikke hadde noen brukbar teori for hvordan nedarving foregikk. Han forsto at den såkalte "blending inheritance"-teorien som var vanlig på 1800-tallet ville viske ut variasjonen som var nødvendig for seleksjonsteorien hans.

Genetikken gjorde store framskritt på andre halvdelen av 1900-tallet med oppdagelsen og forståelsen av de genetiske prosessene på molekylnivå. Revolusjonerende var for eksempel forståelsen av DNA-molekylenes oppbyggning og hvordan DNA-molekyler styrer oppbyggningen av og funksjonen i organismenes celler.

Undergrener i genetikken

Temaer i genetikken

Se også

Eksterne lenker

Wikibøker Wikibøker: Genetics – bøker


Read other articles:

New England Patriots

New England Patriots Musim saat iniDidirikan 1959; 65 tahun lalu (1959)Bermain di Stadion GilletteKantor pusat di Foxborough, Massachusetts New England Patriots logoLogoAfiliasi liga American Football League (1960–69) Eastern Division (1960–69) National Football League (1970–sekarang) American Football Conference (1970–sekarang) AFC East (1970-sekarang) Seragam saat iniWarna timNautical Blue, New Century Silver, Red, White        MaskotPat PatriotPersonelP...

 

Arnschwang

Arnschwang Lambang kebesaranLetak Arnschwang NegaraJermanNegara bagianBayernWilayahOberpfalzKreisChamSubdivisions24 OrtsteilePemerintahan • MayorMichael Multerer (Bürgerblock) (CSU)Luas • Total28,30 km2 (1,090 sq mi)Ketinggian390 m (1,280 ft)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total1.940 • Kepadatan0,69/km2 (1,8/sq mi)Zona waktuWET/WMPET (UTC+1/+2)Kode pos93473Kode area telepon0 99 77Pelat kendaraanCHASitus web...

 

Epsilon Canis Majoris

ε Canis Majoris Lokasi ε Canis Majoris (dilingkari) Data pengamatan Epos J2000      Ekuinoks J2000 Rasi bintang Canis Major Asensio rekta 06h 58m 37.6s Deklinasi −28° 58' 19 Magnitudo tampak (V) 1.51 Ciri-ciri Kelas spektrum B2 Iab Indeks warna U−B −0.93 Indeks warna B−V −0.13 AstrometriKecepatan radial (Rv)+27.3 km/sGerak diri (μ) RA: 2.63 mdb/thn Dek.: 2.29 mdb/thn Paralaks (π)7,57±0,57 mdbJarak430 ...

Arizona's 18th legislative district

American legislative district Legislative district in Arizona, United States Arizona's 18th legislative districtMap of District 18: Approved January 21, 2022SenatorPriya Sundareshan (D)House membersChristopher Mathis (D)Nancy Gutierrez (D)Registration40.70% Democratic27.53% Republican31.77% OtherDemographics64% White5% Black/African American2% Native American6% Asian22% HispanicPopulation243,411Voting-age population203,739Registered voters162,116 Arizon...

 

Kuurne-Bruxelles-Kuurne 2019

Kuurne-Bruxelles-Kuurne 2019 GénéralitésCourse71e Kuurne-Bruxelles-KuurneCompétitionUCI Europe Tour 2019 1.HCDate3 mars 2019Distance201,1 kmPays BelgiqueLieu de départCuerneLieu d'arrivéeCuerneÉquipes25Partants171Arrivants69Vitesse moyenne42,651 km/hSite officielSite officielRésultatsVainqueur Bob Jungels (Deceuninck-Quick Step)Deuxième Owain Doull (Sky)Troisième Niki Terpstra (Direct Énergie) ◀20182020▶Documentation La 71e édition de Kuurne-Bruxelles-Kuurne a l...

 

Jessore

City in western Bangladesh City & Municipality in Khulna, BangladeshJashore যশোরJessoreCity & MunicipalityClockwise for top: Jessore town, Jessore Airport, academic building of Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jessore Institute Public Library, Jessore Polytechnic Institute, Michael Madhusudan CollegeJashoreShow map of Khulna divisionJashoreShow map of BangladeshCoordinates: 23°10′01″N 89°12′32″E / 23.167°N 89.209°E / 23.167; 89....

Uh-Oh (David Byrne album)

1992 studio album by David ByrneUh-OhStudio album by David ByrneReleasedMarch 3, 1992 (1992-03-03)RecordedApril 1991–October 1991GenreArt rock, alternative rock, worldbeatLength52:47LabelLuaka Bop/Warner Bros.[1]ProducerNick LaunayDavid Byrne chronology The Forest(1991) Uh-Oh(1992) David Byrne(1994) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[2]Chicago Tribune[3]Robert Christgau[1]The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[4]E...

 

Perang Riddah

Perang Riddah (Arab: حروب الردة), juga disebut Perang Melawan Kemurtadan, adalah serangkaian kampanye militer melawan pemberontakan beberapa suku Arab. Perang ini dilancarkan oleh Khalifah Abu Bakar selama tahun 632 dan 633 M, setelah wafatnya Nabi Islam Muhammad.[1] Pemberontakan-pemberontakannya, dalam historiografi Islam pada masa itu dianggap bersifat keagamaan, dikarenakan ada salah seorang pengikut nabi Islam Muhammad yang kemudian mengaku sebagai seorang nabi yaitu, Mu...

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт...

Emotional thought method

Activities to build emotional intelligence This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Emotional thought method – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or s...

 

Glukosa

D-Glukosa α-D-glukopiranosa (chair form) Gambaran proyeksi Haworth struktur glukosa (α-D-glukopiranosa) Proyeksi Fischer dari D-glukosa Nama Nama IUPAC (preferensi) D-Glukosa Nama IUPAC (sistematis) (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal Nama lain Gula darahDekstrosaGula jagungD-GlukosaGula anggur Penanda Nomor CAS 50-99-7 Y Model 3D (JSmol) Gambar interaktifGambar interaktif 3DMet {{{3DMet}}} Singkatan Glc Referensi Beilstein 1281604 ChEBI CHEBI:4167 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL1222250&...

 

A1 Team Pakistan

A1 Team PakistanFounded2005Seat holder(s)Adam KhanTeam principalArif HussainRace driver(s)Nur AliAdam KhanEnrico ToccaceloFirst race2005–06 Great BritainRounds entered29Championships0Sprint race victories0Feature race victories0Pole positions0Fastest laps0Total points12 A1 Team Pakistan was the representative team of Pakistan in the former A1 Grand Prix motor racing series. History 2005–06 season A1 Team Pakistan was launched in front of the Lahore Fort. Pakistan's President Pervez Mushar...

Abraham Bloch

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bloch. Abraham BlochFonctionsGrand-rabbin de Lyon (d)1908-1914Alfred LévyDavid-Edgard SèchesGrand-rabbinAlger1897-1908BiographieNaissance 7 novembre 1859ParisDécès 29 août 1914 (à 54 ans)TaintruxSépulture Cimetière rive droite de Saint-Dié-des-VosgesNationalité françaiseActivité RabbinPère Isaac BlochMère Joséphine MarsilioAutres informationsDistinction Mort pour la FranceStèle au col d'AnozelVue de la sépulture.modifier - modifier le c...

 

LeRoy Percy

American politician (1860–1929) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please hel...

 

Panyembrama

Seorang penari panyembrama Panyembrama adalah sebuah bentuk tari Bali sekuler yang didesain oleh I Wayan Berata dan pertama kali ditampilkan pada 1971. Tarian ini meliputi gerakan dari beberapa tarian sakral Bali. Sejarah Tari Bali secara tradisional dianggap sakral secara alami. Tari-tarian tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menyambut orang non-Bali, dan dalam konteks non-sakral, menjadi titik kontroversi pada akhir 1960an.[1] Panyembrama pertama kali ditampilkan pada 1971, di Pe...

Andrea Weiss (filmmaker)

American documentary filmmaker and academic Andrea WeissOccupationFilmmakerNotable workParis was a Woman Andrea Weiss is an American independent documentary filmmaker, author, and professor of film/video at the City College of New York[1] where she co-directs the MFA Program in Film. She was the archival research director for the documentary Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community (1984), for which she won a News & Documentary Emmy Award.[citation needed ...

 

Dysart, Queensland

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: KML GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) Town in Queensland, AustraliaDysartQueenslandSaraji coal mine, Dysart, 2012DysartCoordinates22°35′08″S 148°21′03″E / 22.5855°S 148.3508°E / -22.5855; 148.3508 (Dysart (town centre))Population2,738 (UCL 2021)[1]Postcode(s)4745Elevation223 m (732 ft)Area3,459.4 km2 (1,335.7 sq...

 

Aldersgate

Ward of the City of London This article is about an area of London. For the company, see David and Simon Reuben.Not to be confused with Aldgate. Human settlement in EnglandWard of AldersgateWard of AldersgateLocation within Greater LondonPopulation1,465 (2011 Census Ward)[1]OS grid referenceTQ321817Sui generisCity of LondonAdministrative areaGreater LondonRegionLondonCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townLONDONPostcode districtEC1, EC2Dialli...

سان أنتيكو

Sant'Antioco   الإحداثيات 39°03′54″N 8°27′11″E / 39.065°N 8.453°E / 39.065; 8.453 تقسيم إداري  البلد إيطاليا[1]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة كاربونيا-إغليسياس (10 مايو 2005–3 فبراير 2016)مقاطعة جنوب سردينيا  [لغات أخرى]‏ (4 فبراير 2016–)مقاطعة كالياري (–9 مايو 2005)  خصائص جغرافي...

 

Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses

Nazis' attempted boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in 1933 Nazi boycott of Jewish businessesPart of Nazi Germany's anti-Jewish actions, including Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany, Racial policy of Nazi Germany, Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, and the Holocaust, and of the Aftermath of Political violence in Germany (1918–1933).Nazi SA paramilitaries outside Israel's Department Store in Berlin. The signs read: Germans! Defend yourselves! Don't buy from Jews.DateApril 1, 1933Loc...