Francis Baily

Francis Baily
Født28. apr. 1774[1][2][3][4]Rediger på Wikidata
Newbury[5]
Død30. aug. 1844[1][2][6][4]Rediger på Wikidata (70 år)
London[5]
BeskjeftigelseAstronom, skribent Rediger på Wikidata
NasjonalitetDet forente kongerike Storbritannia og Irland
GravlagtSt Mary's Church, Thatcham
Medlem av
6 oppføringer
Royal Society
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Spitalfields Mathematical Society
Det prøyssiske vitenskapsakademiet
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (1844–)[5]
Royal Astronomical Society
UtmerkelserFellow of the Royal Society
Royal Astronomical Societys gullmedalje (1843)
Fellow of the Linnean Society of London
Medlem av American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow
Francis Baily på Commons

Francis Baily (28. april 1774–30. august 1844) var en britisk astronom. Han er mest kjent for sine observasjoner av Bailys perler under en total solformørkelse. Baily var også en viktig skikkelse i den tidlige historien til Royal Astronomical Society, som en av grunnleggerne og som president fire ganger.

Royal Astronomical Society

I 1820 hadde Baily allerede fått en ledende rolle i stiftelsen av Royal Astronomical Society, [7] og han mottok gullmedaljen i 1827 for sin utarbeidelse av RAS' katalog over 2881 stjerner. Han vant gullmedaljen på nytt i 1843. Han ble valgt som president for Royal Astronomical Society fire ganger, med to års valgperiode hver (1825–27, 1833–35, 1837–39 og 1843–45). [7] Ingen andre har tjent i stillingen mer enn Bailys fire ganger (en rekord han deler med George Airy), mens hans åtte år i stillingen er en rekord.

Bailys perler

Hans observasjoner av Bailys perler under en ringformet solformørkelse 15. mai 1836, ved Inch Bonney i Roxburghshire, startet den moderne serien med formørkelseekspedisjoner. Fenomenet som avhenger av den uregelmessige formen på månens kant ble beskrevet så levende av ham at den tiltrakk stor oppmerksomhet mot den totale formørkelsen 8. juli 1842, observert av Baily selv i Pavia.

Andre oppdagelser

I annet arbeid fullførte han og diskuterte H. Fosters penduleeksperimenter, der han utledet en elliptisitet for jorden på 1 / 289,48. Denne verdien ble korrigert for lengden på sekundærpendelen ved å innføre et forsømt element av reduksjon, og ble brukt i 1843 i rekonstruksjonen av lengdestandardene. Hans møysommelige operasjoner for å bestemme den gjennomsnittlige tettheten på jorden, utført etter Henry Cavendishs metode (1838–1842), ga den ganske nøyaktive verdien på 5,66 g/cm3 (i dag vet vi at verdien er 5,51 g/cm3).

Død og ettermæle

Baily døde i London 30. august 1844 og ble gravlagt i familiehvelvet i St Mary's Church i Thatcham.

Månekrateret Baily ble oppkalt etter han, det samme ble den stive og termisk ufølsomme legeringen som ble brukt til å støpe standardyarden i 1855 (Bailys metall; 16 deler kobber, 2,5 deler tinn, 1 del sink) og en lokal barneskole i hjembyen Thatcham (Francis Baily Primary School).

Referanser

  1. ^ a b Hrvatska enciklopedija, Hrvatska enciklopedija-ID 5287[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  2. ^ a b Proleksis Encyclopedia, Proleksis enciklopedija-ID 10421[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  3. ^ www.accademiadellescienze.it, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino ID francis-baily, besøkt 1. desember 2020[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  4. ^ a b Store norske leksikon, Store norske leksikon-ID Francis_Baily[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  5. ^ a b c www.accademiadellescienze.it, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino ID francis-baily, besøkt 1. desember 2020[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  6. ^ www.accademiadellescienze.it, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino ID francis-baily[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  7. ^ a b Dreyer, John L. E.; Turner, Herbert H (1923). History of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1820–1920. London: Royal Astronomical Society. 


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