Esra

Esra skriveren.

Esra (hebraisk og arameisk: עֶזְרָאʿÆzrâ, kanskje en forkortelse av Azaryahu (= Jahve hjelper);[1] gresk: ΕσδραςEsdras), også kalt Esra skriveren (Ezra ha-Sofer) var ifølge Bibelen en prest og profet som levde etter det babylonske fangenskap, og var en ledende skikkelse blant de israelitter som hadde vendt tilbake. Hans gjerninger omtales i Esras bok.

Som representant for den persiske styresmakten var hans offisielle tittel «skriver etter himmelgudens lov», som vel skal forstås som «kongelig sekretær for jødiske trosforhold» eller noe tilsvarende. Perserne var tolerante overfor lokal religionsutøvelse, men for å unngå interne stridigheter og forhindre religion i å tjene som et skalkeskjul for opprør, insisterte de likevel på at slike forhold skulle reguleres av en ansvarlig myndighet, en satrap. Traktene hinsides elven (Avar-nahara), dvs. vest for Eufrat, var underlagt Esra. Hvis en jøde brøt den loven Esra representerte, brøt vedkommende «kongens lov».[2]

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