Den maronittiske patriark av Antiokia

Den maronittiske patriark av Antiokia og hele Orienten er en katolsk patriark og overhodet for den maronittiske kirke. Kirken aksepterer pavens overhøyhet, mens paven anerkjenner patriarkens lederskap innenfor sin særkirke. Den maronittiske patriarken er én av fem patriarker som avleder sin tittel fra det oldkirkelige patriarkatet i Antiokia (de fire andre er den gresk-ortodokse, melkittisk-katolske, syrisk-katolske og syrisk-ortodokse). Patriarken er i tillegg epark av Joubbe, Sarba og Jounieh. Han har sitt sete i klosteret Bkerke utenfor Beirut.

Den nåværende maronittiske patriarken av Antiokia er Bechara Boutros al-Rahi (siden 2011).

Historie

Johannes Maron I var fra 687 til 707 maronittenes første patriark. Han måtte på grunn av forfølgelse forlate Antiokia (i dagens Tyrkia). De første patriarkene hadde derfor ikke noe fast sete, men flyttet frem og tilbake i regionen Byblos i Libanonfjellene. I 938 flyktet maronittene til distriktet Jbeil i dagens Libanon. Den daværende patriarken het Johannes Maron II. Fra og med ham er en sammenhengende rekke med patriarker overlervert.

I Josef Gergessis tid som patriark (11101120) kom maronittene i kontakt med korsfarerne, som de allierte seg med. Fra denne tiden stammer kontakten med katolisismen. Patriark Peter III inngikk i 1182 en union med paven i Roma. Maronittene er siden den gang en del av den katolske kirke.

1440 flyttet patriarken til klosteret Qannoubine i Qadishadalen. 1823 flyttet patriarken sin residens til klosteret Bkerke 10 km nord for Beirut.

Se også

Autoritetsdata

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