College

Fettes College, Edinburgh

College (IPA: [ˈkɔlɪdʃ] eller [ˈkɔlɪdʒ]) er den engelske formen av kollegium, og brukes særlig om institusjoner innen høyere utdannelse i engelskspråklige land. I USA er college en utdanningsinstitusjon som er forberedende for universitetsstudier, men generelt brukes «college» og «university» om hverandre her.[trenger referanse] I øvrige engelsktalende land er college en underavdeling av et universitet.

Et college er et samfunn bestående av studenter og lavere akademiske lærere, som lever og virker innenfor de store bygningskompleksene. Collegene baserer seg delvis på allmennutdanning, og delvis på studieforberedende utdanning, slik at elever innenfor den sistnevnte gruppen har kompetanse nok til å følge undervisningen, og avlegge eksamen, ved universiteter. På collegene er det også stort engasjement innenfor idrett og øvrig samfunnsliv.

Et college består av en rektor (head master, principal, warden e.l.), et antall fellows (lønnede dosenter, som deltar i både forvaltning og undervisning) og studenter av ulike kategorier; først og fremst scholars (opprinnelig ubemidlede stipendiater). Pensioners eller commoners utgjør flertallet av ugraderte studenter (undergraduates). Forskjellene mellom for ovennevnte studentkategorier blir med årene av en mer historisk art; i praksis legger man i dag større vekt på studentenes resultater for hvert enkelt år. Noen velger å fortsette sine studier ved collegene (som postgraduates).

Levnedsordningen i collegene har fra begynnelsen hatt et temmelig klosterlikt preg, som i senere tid har blitt mindre utpreget. Eksempelvis kan fellows nå gifte seg. De fleste college har arkitektonisk interessante profanbygninger og kapell, bibliotek, museer og parker. Oxford eide på begynnelsen av 1900-tallet 21 college (derav 3 fra 1200-tallet), mens Cambridge eide 17.

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