Chełmno

Chełmno

Våpen

LandPolens flagg Polen
VoivodskapKujaviskpommerske voivodskaps flagg Kujaviskpommerske voivodskap
Ligger vedFryba
Wisła
Postnummer86-200
Areal13,56 km²
Befolkning18 837[1] (2021)
Bef.tetthet1 389,16 innb./km²
Høyde o.h.75 meter
Nettsidewww.chelmno.pl/
Kart
Chełmno
53°20′57″N 18°25′34″Ø

Chełmno (tysk Culm, Kulm) er en by og gmina i det kujaviskpommerske voivodskap i Polen. Byens historiske sentrum ligger på en forhøyning om lag 1,5 km fra elven Wisła, på dens østlige bredde. Byen hadde i 2006 nesten 21 000 innbyggere.

Chełmno har mange historiske bygninger, deriblant fem gotiske kirker, en velbevart middelalderplan, bymurer, et rådhus i polsk renessansestil samt flere mursteinshus fra det 18. og 19. århundre. De mange severdighetene har gjort byen kjent som «Nordens Roma».

Historie

Chełmno nevnes for første gang i skrift i et dokument som ble angivelig undertegnet av hertug Bolesław II i 1065. I 1226 inviterte hertug Konrad I Den tyske orden til Chełmno-landet (Kulmerland). Chełmno fikk byrettigheter i 1233, og ble senere medlem av Hansaen. Byen var del av Den tyske ordens stat frem til 1466, da den etter trettenårskrigen ble gjeninnlemmet i Polen og gjort til hovedstad i Chełmno-voivodskapet.

I 1772, etter Polens første deling, ble byen overtatt av Kongeriket Preussen. Mellom 1807 og 1815 var byen del av Storhertugdømmet Warszawa. I 1874 ble navnet Chełmno forandret til Kulm som del av Kulturkampf-politikken som hadde som mål å germanisere de polske områdene. Chełmno kom tilbake til Polen i 1920 etter første verdenskrig.

Byen hadde en blandet befolkning bestående av polakker og tyskere i gjennom store deler av sin historie. Mot slutten av 1800-tallet bestod befolkningen av om lag to tredjedeler polakker og en tredjedel tyskere.

Referanser

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