Blåstål

Blåstål
Nomenklatur
Labrus mixtus
Linnaeus, 1758
Populærnavn
blåstål[1]
(rødnebb, blåskål, blåskår)
Hører til
leppefisker,
piggfinnefisker,
egentlige beinfisker
Økologi
Habitat: marin
Utbredelse: Det østlige Atlanterhavet, Middelhavet
Blåstål ved Mandal
Rødnebb ved Radøy

Blåstål og rødnebb (Labrus mixtus) er en leppefisk der hannen og hunnen er så forskjellige at de har fått egne navn. Hannfiskene blir kalt blåstål og hunnfiskene rødnebb.

Beskrivelse

Kroppen og hodet er slank og langstrakt. Hannfisken blir opptil 40 cm og 1 kg, mens hunnfisken blir opptil 30 cm og 500 g. Hunnen er rød eller oransje og har tre svarte flekker på bakerste delen av ryggen. Hannen er oransje med lyse- og mørkeblå marmoreringer, mangler de tre svarte flekken som hunnen har.

Biologi

Arten er hermafroditt og de fleste individer er hunner (rødnebb) i starten. Enkelte er primære hanner. Disse ser ut som hunner, men er hannkjønn hele livet. Sekundære hanner er hunner (rødnebb) som utvikler seg til hanner (blåstål). Forvandlingen av de sekundære hannene (blåstål) er styrt av sosiale forhold. Hver blåstål har et harem av rødnebb, hvis den dør vil den primære hunnen forvandles til blåstål og overta haremet.

Rollen til de primære hannfiskene er ennå ukjent, men de deltar trolig ikke i reproduksjonen av arten.

Utbredelse og habitat

Arten finnes i det østlige Atlanterhavet fra Senegal, Azorene og Madeira nordover til Nord-Norge.[1] Både på vest og østsiden av Storbritannia og rundt Island. I Middelhavet og Svartehavet.

Den trives best på hardbunn fra 15–200 m dyp. Om sommeren finner man den gjerne helt oppe i fjæra.

Systematikk

Arten er beskrevet under mange vitenskapelig navn, delvis fordi forskerne ikke har skjønt at blåstål og rødnebb er samme art. Carl von Linné beskrev arten under to eller tre forskjellige navn i Systema Naturae (1758). Den internasjonale kommisjonen for zoologisk nomenklatur har i 2000 bestemt at Linnés Labrus bimaculatus viser til den søramerikanske cichliden Cichlasoma bimaculatum. Det gyldig navnet til blåstål blir da Labrus mixtus, ettersom dette navnet står før Labrus varius i Systema Naturae.

Referanser

  1. ^ a b «Artsdatabankens artsopplysninger». Artsdatabanken. 3. august 2020. Besøkt 3. august 2020. 

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