Sement

Våt sement.
Sementsiloar i Ohio.

Sement er eit materiale med adhesive eigenskapar. Finmolne materialar blandast med vatn og herdar eit sterkt bindemiddel. Sement blir stort sett nytta som mørtel eller betong.

Namnet kjem frå latin caementum, «små steinar», som opphavleg er ein referanse til småstein som blei blanda inn for å lage betong.

Moderne sementproduksjon

Kalkstein med høgt innhald av kalsiumkarbonat blir brote og male i fleire omgangar til mjøl. Dette mjølet blir tilsett stoff som gips, bauxitt og kvarts for å styra eigenskapane til den ferdige sementen.

Mjølet blir brent i roterande omnar i fleire omgangar. I første omgang kalisinerast råmateriala ved om lag 1000° C. Då blir karbondioksyd drive ut og ein får kalsiumoksyd (brent kalk). I neste omgang er oppvarminga til 1450° C og ulike mineral blir danna ved reaksjonar mellom oksyd i råmjølet. Det skjer og ei delvis smelting av mjølet og partiklane sintrar saman til små kuler kalla klinker. Klinkeren blir bråkjølt ned til ca. 200° C.

Til slutt blir klinkeren mole med fleire tilsettingsstoff, som gips, flygeoske og jarnsulfat, til den partikkelstorleiken ein ynskjer. Det er dette pulveret som blir blanda med vann kort tid før bruk som mørtel eller betong.

Sementproduksjon i Noreg

Noregs første sementfabrikk blei grunnlagt 1841 på Norde Langøy i Oslofjorden.

I 1888 starta oppbygginga av ein sementfabrikk i Slemmestad lengre ut i fjorden. Eit tysk-svensk selskap stod bak. I 1892 overtok norske interesser og stifta Aktieselskabet Christiania Portland Cementfabrik (CPC). CPC var einaste norske sementfabrikken dei neste 25 åra.

I 1968 var det tre sementfabrikkar att i Noreg og dei fusjonerte under namnet Norcem. Produksjonen i Slemmestad blei lagt ned i 1989. Det blir no produsert sement i Brevik og Kjøpsvik.

Bakgrunnsstoff

Kjelder

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