Mosdyr

Mosdyr
Systematikk
Rike: Dyr Animalia
Underrike: Bilaterale dyr Bilateria
Infrarike: Protostomia
Rekkje: Mosdyr Bryozoa
Ehrenberg, 1831
Det karakteristiske «overtrekket» ein mosdyrkoloni lagar på t.d. algar. Denne kolonien av arten Membranipora membranacea er likevel død, berre «eskene» står igjen.

Mosdyr er ei rekkje av små vasslevande, fastsitjande dyr. Enkeltdyra er vanlegvis under 1 mm store, men dei lever i koloniar som kan bli mange centimeter store (opptil 1 m). Bakkroppen til dyra dannar eit eskeforma skal (kalla zooecium), som heile dyret kan trekkja seg tilbake i.

Koloniane består av mange slike zooeciar som sit tett i tett, og kan danna eit kvit- eller gråaktig «belegg» på steinar, muslingskal, krepsdyr eller algar. Dei fleste artene er marine, men klassen Phylactolaemata lever i ferskvatn.

Mosdyra har eit coelom, men manglar eit krinsløpssystem og ekskresjonssystem. Forkroppen dannar ein tentakelkrans som dyra filtrerer vatnet med, for å livnæra seg på organiske partiklar og plankton. Tarmkanalen er U-forma, slik at endetarmsopningen òg ligg på forkroppen.

Til skilnad frå kamptozoane, som liknar litt i kroppsbygnad, munnar endetarmen ikkje ut i tentakelkransen. Dette er bakgrunnen for det vitskaplege namnet Ectoprocta (gresk ektos = 'utanfor', proktos = 'endetarmsopning'). Kamptozoar blei til tider kalla som «Bryozoa entoprocta» (entos = 'innanfor'). I dag har ein gått bort frå å samanfatta desse to gruppene.

Tidlegare gjekk ein ut frå at mosdyr var nærast i slekt med armføtingar og hesteskomakkar, og at dei stod nærare deuterostomiane enn protostomiane. Nyare fylogenetisk forsking har vist at dei høyrer til protostomiane, men dei nøyaktige slektskapstilhøva er ikkje klårlagt enno.

Mosdyr har ein karakteristisk, lueforma larve (cyphonautes).

Fossile mosdyr

Kjelder

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