Nationaal Park Tatra (Slowakije)

Nationaal Park Tatra
Nationaal park
Nationaal Park Tatra (Slowakije)
Nationaal Park Tatra
Situering
Land Vlag van Slowakije Slowakije
Locatie Žilina en Prešov
Coördinaten 49° 10′ NB, 20° 10′ OL
Dichtstbijzijnde plaats Vysoké Tatry
Informatie
IUCN-categorie II (Nationaal park)
Oppervlakte 738
Opgericht 1949
Bezoekers ± 3.500.000
Website Officiële website
Foto's
De Gerlachovský štít (2.654,4 m) is de hoogste berg van zowel Nationaal Park Tatra, de Hoge Tatra als de Karpaten.
De Gerlachovský štít (2.654,4 m) is de hoogste berg van zowel Nationaal Park Tatra, de Hoge Tatra als de Karpaten.

Nationaal Park Tatra (Slowaaks: Tatranský národný park) is gelegen in het noorden van Slowakije in de regio's Žilina en Prešov en grenst aan het gelijknamige Nationaal Park Tatra van Polen. De oprichting tot nationaal park vond plaats op 1 januari 1949 per decreet (№ 11/1948) van de Slowaakse Nationale Raad (SNR) en is daarmee het oudste nationale park van Slowakije.[1] In 1992 werden beide nationale parken toegevoegd aan de lijst van biosfeerreservaten van UNESCO's Mens- en Biosfeerprogramma (MAB), onder de naam Biosfeerreservaat Tatra.[2][3] Daarnaast valt het gebied onder zowel de Vogel- als Habitatrichtlijn van het Natura 2000-netwerk van de Europese Unie. De huidige oppervlakte van Nationaal Park Tatra bedraagt 738 km². Ook werd er een bufferzone van 307,03 km² ingesteld.[1][4][5]

Kenmerken

Nationaal Park Tatra ligt geografisch gezien in de Hoge Tatra, in het westen van de Karpaten. Hier bevindt zich ook de hoogste berg van de Karpaten, de Gerlachovský štít, met een hoogte van 2.654,4 meter boven zeeniveau.[1][5][6] Nationaal Park Tatra wordt gekenmerkt door de aanwezigheid van hooggebergten, waarin landschapsvormen als bergtoppen, gletsjers, puinhellingen, kliffen en keteldalen kunnen worden aangetroffen.[7] Hier treft men biotopen aan als alpenweiden, bergtoendra, rivieren, hellingbossen en hoogvenen.[8] Op de meeste bergpassen zijn ook kleine bergmeren te vinden.[7]

Dierenwereld

Nationaal Park Tatra biedt leefruimte aan zeldzame zoogdieren als bruine beer (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), Euraziatische lynx (Lynx lynx), otter (Lutra lutra), tatragems (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica), tatrawoelmuis (Microtus tatricus) en alpenmarmot (Marmota marmota latirostris).[8][9] Vogelrichtlijnsoorten die hier broeden zijn onder meer het auerhoen (Tetrao urogallus), hazelhoen (Tetrastes bonasia), steenarend (Aquila chrysaetos), schreeuwarend (Clanga pomarina), ruigpootuil (Aegolius funereus), dwerguil (Glaucidium passerinum), drieteenspecht (Picoides tridactylus) en de zwarte specht (Dryocopus martius).[9]

Toerisme

Jaarlijks trekken circa 3.500.000 bezoekers naar Nationaal Park Tatra. Er is door het nationaal park ruim 600 kilometer aan wandelroutes aangelegd. De wandelroutes door de bergen zijn tussen 1 november en 15 juni gesloten, om de natuur te beschermen en gevaarlijke situaties te voorkomen.[6][7][10] Langeafstandswandelpad Tatranská Magistrála loopt door het park.

Afbeeldingen

Zie de categorie Tatra National Park, Slovakia van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.

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