Jambol (stad)

Jambol
Ямбол
Plaats in Bulgarije Vlag van Bulgarije
Vlag van Jambol
Wapen van Jambol
Jambol (Bulgarije)
Jambol
Situering
Oblast Jambol
Coördinaten 42° 29′ NB, 26° 30′ OL
Algemeen
Oppervlakte 91 km²
Inwoners
(31 december 2018) 		68.074[1]
Hoogte 114 m
Burgemeester Georgie Slavov (GERB)
Overig
Postcode 8600
Netnummer 046
Kenteken У
Website yambol.dir.bg
Foto's
De bedestan (Ottomaanse markt) van Jambol
De bedestan (Ottomaanse markt) van Jambol
Portaal  Portaalicoon   Bulgarije

Jàmbol (Bulgaars: Ямбол) is een stad met 68.074 inwoners in het zuidoosten van Bulgarije, en de hoofdplaats van de gelijknamige oblast. De stad ligt op de noordelijke oever van de rivier de Toendzja op ongeveer 90 km van de Zwarte Zee. De stad wordt geheel omgesloten door de gemeente Toendzja.

Geschiedenis

De stad werd door de Romeinse keizer Diocletianus in 293 gesticht ter ere van Zeus en kreeg de naam Diospolis. De Griekse naam Dianopolis, de Turkse naam Yambolu en de Bulgaarse naam Jambol gaan alle op deze vernoeming terug.

Jambol was in de middeleeuwen een belangrijke vestingstad, die in 1373 door het Ottomaanse Rijk werd ingenomen. In 1878 werden de Turken verdreven. In dat jaar kwam Jambol in Oost-Roemelië te liggen, wat acht jaar later opging in Bulgarije.

Aan de Turkse tijd herinneren een goed bewaard gebleven overdekte markt en de Eski-moskee.

Bevolking

In 1934 telde de stad Jambol zo’n 24.920 inwoners. Dat aantal nam gestaag toe vanwege massale migratie vanuit het armere platteland. In 1992 bereikte de bevolking een hoogtepunt met 91.497 inwoners. Sindsdien daalt het inwonersaantal in een rap tempo. Anno 31 december 2018 telde de stad Jambol 68.074 inwoners. Meer dan de helft van de bevolking van de oblast Jambol woont in deze stad.

De bevolkingsontwikkeling van de stad Jambol en de oblast Jambol[2]
Jaartal 1934 1946 1956 1965 1975 1985 1992 2001 2011 2018
stad Jambol Gestegen 24.920 Gestegen30.574 Gestegen42.333 Gestegen58.465 Gestegen75.766 Gestegen89.993 Gestegen91.497 Gedaald82.649 Gedaald74.132 Gedaald68.074
oblast Jambol Gestegen 157.660 Gestegen 177.627 Gestegen 187.278 Gestegen 187.381 Gedaald 182.038 Gedaald 182.034 Gedaald 175.839 Gedaald 156.070 Gedaald 131.447 Gedaald 118.897

Etniciteit

De stad wordt voornamelijk bewoond door etnische Bulgaren (87%), maar de nationale minderheidsgroepen zijn ook alomvertegenwoordigd. Zo vormen de Bulgaarse Roma ruim 6% van de bevolking en de Bulgaarse Turken een kleine 5%.

Religie

Op religieus gebied zijn de meeste inwoners lid van de Bulgaars-Orthodoxe Kerk (74%), protestants (3%) of moslim (2%). Een groot deel is niet-religieus of heeft niet gereageerd op de optionele volkstelling van februari 2011.

Economie

In 2018 bedroeg het werkloosheidspercentage 8,3% van de beroepsbevolking.[3]

Industrie

De industrie in de stad Jambol is voornamelijk gebaseerd op machinebouw, metaalverwerking, chemische industrie, textielindustrie en meubelproductie. De afgelopen tijd vindt ook steeds vaker productie van elektrische auto-apparatuur en recycling van plastic afval plaats.

Landbouw

Jambol is het centrum van een sterk ontwikkeld landbouwgebied met gunstige bodem- en klimatologische omstandigheden, in samenhang met een effectief irrigatiesysteem. Hier worden veldgewassen zoals tarwe, gerst en zonnebloemen gekweekt evenals talloze wijngaarden en fruitboomgaarden.

Er wordt veel aandacht besteed aan het planten van ecologische gewassen en biogewassen. Ook de melkveehouderij, varkenshouderij, pluimveehouderij en bijenteelt zijn vertegenwoordigd. Ook worden er in dit gebied zoetwatervissen gefokt.

Referenties

Zie de categorie Yambol van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.

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