Diuretica

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Diuretica (enkelvoud: 'diureticum') zijn middelen die de afgifte van water door de nieren bevorderen. Het gevolg hiervan is een verhoogde productie van urine.

Daarom worden dergelijke middelen in de volksmond vaak betiteld als plastabletten of plaspillen.

Indeling

Er bestaan vele diuretica, die op verschillende wijzen hun effect uitoefenen. Er kan een indeling worden gemaakt volgens verschillende criteria. De indeling zoals hieronder gebruikt is niet helemaal logisch maar in de praktijk wel gebruikelijk.

Toepassing

Diuretica worden gegeven voor verschillende kwalen:

Mogelijke bijwerkingen, afhankelijk van het gebruikte middel:

  • Verstoring van de natrium-kaliumbalans in het bloed, waarbij zowel een te hoog als een te laag kalium kan voorkomen, afhankelijk van het middel. Komt bij veel middelen voor.
  • Vaker moeten plassen (het zijn dan ook diuretica).

Misbruik

Op 17 juli 2012 werd de Luxemburgse wielrenner Fränk Schleck tijdens de Tour de France betrapt op het diureticum xipamide. Diuretica werden in die tijd gebruikt om andere middelen te maskeren. In 2024 zijn de opsporingstechnieken zover gevorderd, dat diuretica niet meer als masker werken. Om zelf als prestatiebevorderend middel te werken, is een behoorlijke dosis nodig.[1]

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