Fortifikazzjonijiet ta' Żmien il-Kavallieri f'Malta

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Swar

Qabel mal-Kavallieri ġew Malta fl-1530, kienu diġa konxji li Malta kienet fqira fejn hi ikkonċernata d-difiża. Apparti minn ftit swar, dawk ta' Sant'Anġlu, tal-Imdina u taċ-Ċitadella, jew kif kien magħruf, il-Kastell, kienu jeżistu ftit fortizzi żgħar, magħruf bħala l-maħras. Fost dawn, l-aktar importanti biss ta' resistenza minima kien il-Forti Sant'Iermu li kien jagħti ftit li xejn ilqugħ minn attakk jew inżul tal-għadu mill-ponta ta' Sciberras.

Forti Sant’Anġlu

Hekk appena wasal Malta fl-1530, l-Ordni ta' San Ġwann kien beżgħan li dawn is-swar ma kinux ser jirreżistu l-attakki la tal-furbani kif ukoll tal-għadu Ottoman jekk dan kien idaħħala f'rasu li għandu jattakka lill-gżejjer Maltin għal xi raġuni jew oħrra. L-Ordni ikkonsulta ma' bosta inġiniera militari biex jaraw kif jistgħu itejbu s-sitwazzjoni, fosthom l-inġinier Taljan Ferromolinio u l-Ispanjol Pardo. Sant’Anġlu ġie rrinfurzat kif setgħu skont il-mezzi finanzjarji baxxi li kellhom biex almenu mhux biss iqawwu d-difiża tagħhom ġewwa s-swar iżda anki biex ikun hemm ilqugħ għal-abitanti tal-Birgu u tal-madwar. Barra minn hekk Ferromolino ħaffer foss li jifred il-Forti Sant' Anġlu mill-bqija tal-Birgu. Dan il-foss sewa ta' ġid kbir u serħan il-moħħ f'diversi okkażjonijiet li l-għadu sbarka fuq ix-xtut Maltin, iżda l-aktar waqt l-Assedju l-Kbir. Apparti minn hekk, Pardo iddisinja Fortizza żgħira, dik ta' San Mikiel li kienet tagħti fuq in-naħa tan-Nofsinhar tal-Isla, qabel ma din kienet bdiet tinbena bħala rħajjel żgħir fi żmien il-Gran Mastru Claude de la Sengle.

Fuq suġġeriment ta' Pardo, Sant’iermu flok forti żgħir issa nbena bħala fortizza żgħira li kellha l-qawwa li mhux biss tgħasses iżda anki tiddenfendi ż-żewġ daħliet taż-żewġ portijiet, jiġifieri dak Marsamxett u tal-Port il-Kbir. Wara l-Assedju l-Kbir iż-żewġ portijiet bdew jiġu indukrati mhux biss minn fortizzi żgħar iżda minn belt iffortifikata, il-Belt Valletta.

Kienu bosta il-fortizzi u s-sistemi ta' difiża li l-Ordni ta' San Ġwann bena sakemm ġie biex ħalla l-Malta. Fost dawn insibu:

Bliet jew żoni Militari ffortifikati:

  • Valletta 1566- 1571
  • Mdina 1724 u 1746  
  • Il-Kastell, Għawdex 1551 - 1500 - 1622
  • Senglea  - 1553
  • Forti Manoel (1723 - 1733)
  • Birgu estensjonijiet tas-swar kontinwi
  • Furjana
  • Forti Ricasoli (1670 - 1698)
  • Santa Margarita Linji ta' difiża 1638 baqgħu ma spiċċaw qatt
  • Cottonera - Linji ta' difiża 1670 qatt ma spiċċaw
  • Forti Chambray 1749 - 1760


Torrijiet Kbar mal-kosta

Forti Sant'Iermu 1552 and later extensions

Santa Marija - Kemuna

Saint Lucian’s - Marsaxlokk

Saint Thomas -, Marsascala

Torrijiet żgħar mal-kosta

Garzes, Mġarr Għawdex 1605 twaqqa' fl-1848.

Tigne 1793 & 1795.

Wignacourt, San Pawl il-Baħar

Sant’Agata, Mellieħa

Dwejra 1650

Xlendi 1652

Lascaris (x10) bejn 1637 - 1652

De Redin (14) bejn1658 - 1659

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