PH

Bagi gabungan parti politik di Malaysia, lihat Pakatan Harapan.
Lemon mempunyai rasa masam disebabkan kandungan 5-6% asid sitrik di dalamnya, dengan pH lebih kurang 2.2

Dalam kimia pH merupakan ukuran keasidan dan kealkalian sesuatu larutan. Larutan dengan pH kurang daripada 7 berasid manakala larutan dengan pH lebih daripada 7 bersifat alkali. Air tulen mempunyai pH berdekatan dengan 7.

Skala pH berdasarkan piawaian antarabangsa.[1] Tetapan nilai pH ditentukan berdasarkan kepekatan sel galvanik, yang merupakan perbezaan keupayaan elektrod antara elektrod hidrogen dan elektrod piawanan seperti argentum klorida. pH sesuatu larutan akues diperoleh dengan menggunakan elektrod kaca dan meter pH atau menerusi penunjuk pH.

Sejarah

Konsep p[H] mula diperkenalkan oleh ahli kimia]Denmark Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen di Makmal Carlsberg pada 1909[2] dan diubah pada 1924 untuk meliputi definisi dan ukuran mengikut takrifan sel elektrokimia. Søren dalam penulisannya awalnya menggunakan notasi "H" sebagai subskrip "p", seperti pH.

Definisi dan pengukuran

Hidrogen (H+) (sebenarnya, ion H+ tidak wujud; ia merupakan singkatan kepada ion hidroksonium H3O+). Namun untuk larutan cair, adalah lebih mudah/sesuai untuk menggantikan aktiviti ion hidrogen dengan kepekatan, kemolaran (mol/L) ion hidrogen itu (namun, ini tidak semestinya tepat untuk kepekatan tinggi [3][4]).

Pada tahun 1908, Sørensen menakrifkan pH sebagai

Kuantiti ini boleh dihubungkan kepada pemalar penceraian asid dengan

yang mana A- ialah konjugat bes bagi HA.

Rujukan

  1. ^ Covington, A. K.; Bates, R. G.; Durst, R. A. (1985). "Definitions of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH, and related terminology" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 57 (3): 531–542. doi:10.1351/pac198557030531.
  2. ^ Sorensen, S. P. L., Enzymstudien. II, Über die Messung und die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen, Biochem. Zeitschr., 1909, vol. 21, pp. 131–304. Kedua-dua penerbitan dihasilkan pada 1909 dalam bahasa Perancis dan Denmark
  3. ^ "salinan arkib". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-02-28. Dicapai pada 2007-02-15.
  4. ^ "salinan arkib". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-02-26. Dicapai pada 2007-02-15.

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