Phyllanthus
Ny Phyllanthus dia vondron-karazana zavamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana Phyllanthaceae, ao amn' ny filaharana Malpighiales. Izy no lehibe indrindra amin' ny vondron-karazana ao amin' io fianakaviana io. Miovaova be ny fanombanana ny isan' ny karazana ao amin' ity vondron-karazana ity, manomboka amin' ny 750 ka hatramin' ny 1 200. Manana endrika isan-karazany izay samy manana ny fomba faniriany ny Phyllanthus: isan-taona na mihoatra ny roa taona, ahitra na hazobotry na zavamaniry mianika na mitsingevana anaty rano, ary misy ny matevim-pototra mitahiry rano.Manana taho miendrika ravina (sahala amin' ny an' ny raketa) ny sasany.
Saika ny zavamaniry rehetra ao amin' ny Phyllanthus dia maneho fomba fitomboana manokana arakaraka ny karazana, antsoina hoe "fomba fisampanana filantôida" izay misy rantsana mitsangana mitondra rantsana marindrano na somary mihilana, mora mihintsana sy mitondra ny voniny. Fohy dia fohy ka lasa kirany ny ravina amin' ny teza lehibe afovoany (mitsangana), fa mivoatra ara-dalàna kosa ny ravina amin' ny teza hafa.
I Carl Linnaeus no nanao ny famariparitana voalohany ny Phyllanthus tamin' ny taona 1753; ny karazana filamatra dia ny Phyllanthus niruri. Ny karazana ao amin' ny Phyllanthus dia miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly rehetra.
Karazana
Niteraka fampifangaroan-javatra sy tsy fitovian-kevitra be dia be ny famaritana an' io vondron-karazana io. Ny fanadihadiana filôjenetika môlekiolary dia naneho fa ny Phyllanthus dia parafiletika raha mitaha amin' ny Reverchonia, ny Glochidion, ny Sauropus, ary ny Breynia. Ny fanavaozana ny fianakaviana Phyllanthaceae tamin' ny taona 2006 dia nampiditra ireo vondron-karazana efatra ireo ho ao amin' ny Phyllanthus. Ity famaritana ny Phyllanthus mivelatra be ity dia mety ho zaraina amin' ny vondron-karazana kely kokoa, anisan' izany ny karazana any Sina miisa 32 (sy any Indôsina avaratra). Misy ankelitriny ny fanavaozana tanteraka an' ilay antoko, anisan' izany ny fanasokajiana vaovao, an-dalam-panatanterahana amin' izao fotoana izao, taorian' ny fandinihana môlekiolary lalina natao vao haingana momba ny vondrona lehibe tafiditra ao.
Karazana notsongaina
- Phyllanthus abnormis Baill.
- Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels
- Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl
- Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher
- Phyllanthus anamalayanus (Gamble) G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus angustifolius (Sw.) Sw.
- Phyllanthus arbuscula (Sw.) J.F.Gmel.
- Phyllanthus axillaris (Sw.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Poir.
- Phyllanthus caesiifolius Petra Hoffm. & Cheek
- Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt.
- Phyllanthus cauliflorus (Sw.) Griseb.
- Phyllanthus cladanthus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
- Phyllanthus coluteoides Baill. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cuneifolius (Britt.) Croizat
- Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd.
- Phyllanthus distichus Hook. & Arn.
- Phyllanthus emblica L.
- Phyllanthus engleri Pax
- Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus L.
- Phyllanthus ericoides Torr.
- Phyllanthus eximius G.L.Webster & Proctor
- Phyllanthus fadyenii Urb.
- Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus gentryi Webster
- Phyllanthus grandifolius L.
- Phyllanthus gunnii Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus hakgalensis
- Phyllanthus hirtellus F.Muell. ex Mull.Arg.
- Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd.
- Phyllanthus lacunarius F.Muell.
- Phyllanthus latifolius (L.) Sw.
- Phyllanthus liebmannianus Muell.Arg.
- Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.
- Phyllanthus microcladus Muell.Arg.
- Phyllanthus millei Standl.
- Phyllanthus mirabilis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus montanus (Sw.) Sw.
- Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Wight.) Muell.Arg.
- Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell
- Phyllanthus niruri L. (anisany ny Phyllanthus amarus sy ny Phyllanthus debilis)
- Phyllanthus nyale Petra Hoffm. & Cheek
- Phyllanthus parvifolius Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Phyllanthus pavonianus Baill.
- Phyllanthus pentaphyllus C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Phyllanthus phialanthoides Falcón & J.L.Gómez
- Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng.
- Phyllanthus polyspermus Shumach. & Thonn.
- Phyllanthus profusus N.E.Br.
- Phyllanthus pulcher Wallich ex Muell.Arg.
- Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.
- Phyllanthus revaughanii Coode
- Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi Welzen, R.W.Bouman & Ent
- Phyllanthus saffordii Merr.
- Phyllanthus salviifolius Kunth
- Phyllanthus sepialis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus societatis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus sponiifolius Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L. Webster
- Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille
- Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.
- Phyllanthus urinaria L. – chamberbitter
- Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
- Phyllanthus warnockii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus welwitschianus Müll.Arg.
Karazana misy eto Madagasikara
Manana karazana Phyllanthus maherin' ny 170 i Madagasikara, ka ny ankamaroany (90 %) dia tsy hita na aiza na aiza eto ambonin' ny tany. Indreto ny karazana sasany eto Madagasikara:
- Phyllanthus betsileanus -- hazotana
- Phyllanthus bojerianus -- ambalazo, ambolaza, hazontaha, karepa, marefolena, marofolena, piky, raipika, repika
- Phyllanthus casticum (na Phyllanthus decipiens na Phyllanthus mocquerysianus) -- antentona, antsolibe, faintina, fanavitiana, hazontana, hazontanty, hazotana, hazotanty, mantsikara, masikariva, tainto, taintona, tentina.
- Phyllanthus casticum subsp. angavensis Leandri (na Phyllanthus angavensis) -- sañira
- Phyllanthus fuscoluridus -- antentona, mantsikara, taintona, tentina, tsikarivana
- Phyllanthus isalensis -- hazotana
- Phyllanthus madagascariensis -- hazotana, taintona
- Phyllanthus maderaspatensis -- karepa, mikintsa
- Phyllanthus mantsakariva -- mantsakariva
- Phyllanthus melleri -- antentona
- Phyllanthus multiflorus -- leza
- Phyllanthus niruri -- anakatsotsy
- Phyllanthus nummulariifolius -- fangy, rimorimo, tamborotanosy
- Phyllanthus philippioides -- ramangina
- Phyllanthus seyrigii -- hazotana, maintsikariva, mantsakariva, masikariva, sañira, sanirabe, saniratandroy, taitomaintsikariva
- Phyllanthus urinaria -- lanoro, lanory (efa nafindra any amin' ny Emblica (?))
- Phyllanthus vakinankaratrae -- anakatsotry
- Phyllanthus vergens -- karepa
Izao ny anarana miverimberina anondroana ireo zavamaniry ireo amin' ny teny malagasy:
- antentona, tainto, taintona, tentina, tento, tentona sns.
- antsoly, sns.
- hazontaha, hazontana, hazotana
- karepa, karepy, karepoka
- maintsikariva, mantsakariva, mantsikara, masikariva,
- piky, raipika, repika
- sañira, sanira, sanirana, sns
Indreto ny karazana efa nafindra vondrona:
- Margaritaria anomala (Baill.) Fosberg (←Phyllanthus erythroxyloides) -- fangora, karepa, karepadahy, karepedahy, karepidahiantitra, karepoka, koropoka, malaintay, sofindambo, taolakena
- Margaritaria decaryana (Leandri) G.L.Webster (←Phyllanthus decaryanus) -- fatsikakalahy, hazomena, tsifolaboay
- Margaritaria rhomboidalis (Baill.) G.L.Webster (←na Phyllanthus rhomboidalis) -- berafitse, karepoka
Jerer koa
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