Diskelis

8, 5+1⁄4 ir 3+1⁄2 colių diskeliai
8, 5+1⁄4 ir 3+1⁄2 colių formatų diskelių įrenginiai
Iš dėtuvės išimtas magnetinis diskas

Diskelis – nedidelis magnetinis diskas, laikomas keturkampėje plastikinėje dėtuvėje, kuri apsaugo nuo dulkių kaupimosi, naudojamas kaip keičiama išorinė duomenų laikmena.[1] Nuskaitomas diskelių įrenginyje (FDD), kuris gali būti kompiuterio viduje arba kaip išorinis įrenginys.[2]

Gali būti įvairaus dydžio ir talpos. Populiariausi ir prieinami prekyboje 8, 5,25 ir 3,5 colio diskeliai.[3] Vėliausiai naudoti plastikiniai 3,5 colio skersmens diskeliai, kurių talpa 1440 kB.[1]

Buvo plačiai naudojami nuo XX a. 8-ojo dešimtmečio iki XXI a. pr., kada juos pakeitė kompaktinės plokštelės ir kitos laikmenos.[4] Šiuo metu nebenaudojami dėl itin mažos talpos ir nepatikimumo.[5]

Variacijos

Įvairūs formatai
Formatas Metai Talpa
8 colių IBM 23FD (tik nuskaitomas) 1971 81,664 kB[6]
8 colių Memorex 650 1972 175 kB[7]
8 colių SSSD IBM 33FD / Shugart 901 1973 242,844 kB[6]
8 colių DSSD IBM 43FD / Shugart 850 1976 568,320 kB[6]
5+1⁄4 colių Shugart SA 400 1976[8] 87,5 kB[9]
8 colių DSDD IBM 53FD / Shugart 850 1977 980 kB (CP/M) – 1200 kB (MS-DOS FAT)
5+1⁄4 colių DD 1978 360 ar 800 kB
5+1⁄4 colių Apple Disk II (Pre-DOS 3.3) 1978 113,75 kB
5+1⁄4 colių Apple Disk II (DOS 3.3) 1980 140 kB
3+1⁄2 colių HP vienpusis 1982 280 kB
3 colių 1982[10][11] 360 kB
3+1⁄2 colių DD 1983 720 kB
5+1⁄4 colių QD 720 kB
5+1⁄4 HD 1982[12] 1200 kB
3 colių DD 1984 720 kB
3 colių Mitsumi Quick Disk 1985 128–256 kB
2 colių 1989[13] 720 kB
2+1⁄2 colių 1986 ?
5+1⁄4 colių (vertikalios padėties) 1986 10 MB
3+1⁄2 colių HD 1986[14] 1440 kB
3+1⁄2 colių ED 1987[15] 2880 kB
3+1⁄2 colių Floptical (LS) 1991 20 385 kB
3+1⁄2 colių LS-120 1996 120,375 MB
3+1⁄2 colių LS-240 1997 240,75 MB
3+1⁄2 colių HiFD 1998/99 150/200 MB

SD = viengubo tankio; DD = dvigubo tankio; QD = keturgubo tankio; HD = didelio tankio; ED = išplėsto tankio; LS = laser servo; HiFD = didelės talpos; SS = vienpusis; DS = dvipusis

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Diskelis. V. Dagienė, G. Grigas, T. Jevsikova. Enciklopedinis kompiuterijos žodynas. 4-as leidimas. Vilnius: VU MII, 2014 // EKŽ, 2021, nuolat atnaujinamas. ISBN 978-9986-680-52-9.
  2. ↑ „IBM History – Floppy disk storage“. IBM. 2024-05-16. Suarchyvuota iš originalo 16 June 2024. Nuoroda tikrinta 2024-06-16.
  3. ↑ „Floppy Disk: History & Definition“. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2009-03-12. Suarchyvuota iš originalo 16 June 2024. Nuoroda tikrinta 2024-06-16.
  4. ↑ Fletcher, Richard (2007-01-30). „PC World Announces the End of the Floppy Disk“. The Daily Telegraph. Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2012-01-02. Nuoroda tikrinta 2020-08-02.
  5. ↑ Giedrimas, Vaidas (2023). Informatikos ir informatinio mąstymo mokomoji veikla. Kompiuterio sandara (PDF). Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. p. 10.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Engh, James T. (1981 m. rugsėjo mėn.). „The IBM Diskette and Diskette Drive“. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 25 (5): 701–10. doi:10.1147/rd.255.0701.
  7. ↑ „Memorex 650 Flexible Disc File“ (PDF). Suarchyvuotas originalas (PDF) 2011-07-25. Nuoroda tikrinta 2011-06-22.
  8. ↑ Sollman, George (1978 m. liepos mėn.). „Evolution of the Minifloppy Product Family“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 14 (4): 160–66. doi:10.1109/TMAG.1978.1059748. ISSN 0018-9464. S2CID 32505773.
  9. ↑ „Shugart SA 400 Datasheet“. Swtpc. 2007-06-25. Suarchyvuotas originalas 2014-05-27. Nuoroda tikrinta 2011-06-22.
  10. ↑ „Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers − 1981–1983 Business Takes Over“. Suarchyvuota iš originalo 2008-12-07. Nuoroda tikrinta 2008-10-04.
  11. ↑ „Three-inch floppy disk product announced“ (PDF). Suarchyvuotas originalas (PDF) 2012-08-08. Nuoroda tikrinta 2008-10-04.
  12. ↑ 1986 Disk/Trend Report, Flexible Disk Drives
  13. ↑ „Viability of 2-Inch Media Standard for PCs in Doubt“. InfoWorld. 11 (31): 21. 1989-07-31.
  14. ↑ „Vendor Introduces Ultra High-Density Floppy Disk Media“. InfoWorld. 8 (45): 19. 1986-11-10.
  15. ↑ Mueller, Scott (2004). Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 15th Anniversary Edition. Que Publishing. p. 1380. ISBN 0-7897-2974-1. Nuoroda tikrinta 2011-07-16.

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