Džavaharlalis Nehru

Džavaharlalis Nehru

Džavaharlalis Nehru
Gimimo vardas	जवाहरलाल नेहरू
Gimė	1889 m. lapkričio 14 d. Alahabadas, Britų Indija
Mirė	1964 m. gegužės 27 d. (74 metai) Naujasis Delis, Indija
Tėvai	Motilal Nehru, Swaruprani Thussu
Sutuoktinis (-ė)	Kamala Nehru
Vaikai	Indira Gandhi
Religija	jokia
Indijos ministras pirmininkas
Kelintas	1
Ėjo pareigas	1947 m. rugpjūčio 15 d. – 1964 m. gegužės 27 d.
Ankstesnis	postas sukurtas
Vėlesnis	Gulzarilal Nanda

Pareigos	baristeris

Išsilavinimas	teisininkas
Alma mater	Inner Temple, Londonas

Vikiteka	Džavaharlalis Nehru
Parašas

Džavaharlalis Nehru (hind. जवाहरलाल नेहरू, IAST: Javāharlāl Nehru; 1889 m. lapkričio 14 d. – 1964 m. gegužės 27 d.) – Indijos politikas, pirmasis nepriklausomos Indijos ministras pirmininkas, vienas svarbiausių Indijos išsivadavimo kovos veikėjų.^[1]

Biografija

Gimė Alahabade, teisininko, Indijos nepriklausomybės aktyvisto Motilalio Nehru šeimoje. Baigė Triniti koledžą Kembridže, Londone įgijo teisininko išsilavinimą. 1912 m. grįžo į Indiją, tapo Alahabado teisėju. 1916 m. vedė Kamal Kaul, su ja susilaukė dukters, Indiros Gandhi.

Nehru tapo Indijos nacionalinio kongreso nariu, pasisakė už nesmurtinį priešinimąsi britams. Todėl tapo Mahatmos Gandžio, taip pat pasisakiusio už taikų pasipriešinimą, sąjungininku. Nehru aktyviai dalyvavo Gandžio organizuotose boikoto, protesto kampanijose, todėl ne kartą britų buvo įkalintas. 1927 m. Nehru išrinktas Indijos kongreso pirmininku. Nors kongreso narių skaičius sparčiai augo, buvo neišvengta skilimo, kuomet musulmonai sudarė Musulmonų lygą ir reikalavo musulmonų valstybės (Pakistano) įkūrimo.

1946 m. Džavaharlalis Nehru tapo laikinosios Indijos vyriausybės vicepremjeru, o 1947 m. – nepriklausomos Indijos pirmuoju premjeru. Jis nesipriešino Indijos ir Pakistano atskyrimui. Jo valdymo metais kilo aršūs konfliktai dėl teritorijų su Pakistanu (Kašmyro karas), vidiniai etniniai-religiniai konfliktai. Nehru pavyko prijungti Indostane buvusius prancūzų ir portugalų anklavus (Goa, Pondičerį). 1950 m. buvo priimta konstitucija, Indija paskelbta sekuliaria ir demokratine valstybe.^[2] Nehru pasisakė už socialistinių principų taikymus, kovojo prieš kastinę, etninę, religinę diskriminaciją. Vykdė nuosaikią, planinę reformų politiką.

Užsienio politikoje Nehru vadovaujama Indija laikėsi gan neutraliai, palaikė santykius tiek su JAV, tiek su Tarybų Sąjunga. Tiesa, su Kinija santykiai buvo blogi – šalis 1960–1962 m. įsivėlė į karą dėl Aksai Čino teritorijos.

Džavaharlalis Nehru mirė nuo širdies smūgio 1964 m. Jo palaikai kremuoti ir palaidoti Jamunos upėje.

Šaltiniai

↑ Nehru Džavaharlal (Jawaharlal Nehru, Džavaharlalas Nehru, Nerus, Neru). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. XVI (Naha-Omuta). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2009. 194 psl.
↑ Nehru, Jawaharlal.0Bruce M. Sullivan. Historical Dictionary of Hinduism. The Scarecrow Press, 1997.0p. 151–152

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