Banko sąskaita

Banko sąskaita – banko atidaryta sąskaita juridiniams ar fiziniams asmenims, dalyvaujantiems negrynųjų pinigų apyvartoje ir negrynųjų lėšų kaupimui sąskaitoje tikslingam naudojimui.[1]

Daugumoje teisinių sistemų lėšų įnešimas į banką nėra įkeitimas, tai yra iš tikrųjų asmens įneštos į banką lėšos nustoja būti indėlininko nuosavybe ir tampa banko nuosavybe. Indėlininkas įgyja reikalavimą bankui už įneštą sumą, bet ne į bankui faktiškai pervestas lėšas. Apskaitos požiūriu bankas sukuria („atidaro“) indėlininko vardu arba indėlininko nurodytu vardu sąskaitą, kurioje gauta suma įrašoma kaip operacija. Depozitinė sąskaita yra banko įsipareigojimas ir indėlininko aktyvas.[2] Kita vertus, bankas gali paskolinti dalį arba visus savo depozite turimus pinigus trečiajai šaliai. Tokios sąskaitos paprastai vadinamos kredito sąskaitomis. Apskaitos požiūriu kredito sąskaita yra banko aktyvas ir skolininko įsipareigojimas. Kredito sąskaitos gali būti neužtikrintos arba užtikrintos ir jas gali garantuoti trečioji šalis su užstatu arba be jo.[3]

Kiekviena finansų įstaiga nustato savo sąlygas kiekvienam siūlomos sąskaitos tipui.[4] Kiekvienos šalies įstatymai nustato, kaip galima atidaryti ir valdyti banko sąskaitas. Jie gali nustatyti sąskaitos atidarymo taisykles, depozitą, pinigų išėmimo limitus ir kitas specifikacijas.[5]

Minimalus amžius atidaryti sąskaitą banke paprastai yra 18 metų. Tačiau kai kuriose šalyse minimalus amžius norint atidaryti banko sąskaitą gali būti 16 metų, o sąskaitos gali būti atidaromos nepilnamečių vardu, tačiau tvarkomos jų tėvų ar globėjų. Paprastai atidaryti sąskaitą išgalvotu vardu yra neteisėta.[6][7]

Kai kurios sąskaitos klasifikuojamos pagal funkcijas, pavyzdžiui, taupomoji sąskaita, kuri paprastai yra kredito sąskaita.[8]

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ „Definition of 'bank account'“. collinsdictionary.com. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  2. ↑ „How Bank Deposits Work“. investopedia.com. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  3. ↑ „Here’s the difference between secured and unsecured loans“. cnbc.com. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  4. ↑ „Bank Promotions for November 2021“. creditdonkey.com. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  5. ↑ „Banking laws and regulations“. globallegalinsights.com. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  6. ↑ „Legally, How Young Is Too Young to Open a Savings Account?“. cgap.org. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  7. ↑ „Issuance of a credit card“. fra.europa.eu. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.
  8. ↑ „Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual and Compilation Guide“. elibrary.imf.org. Suarchyvuotas originalas 2021-11-26. Nuoroda tikrinta 2021 m. lapkričio 26 d.

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