Atogrąžų klimatas

Vietovės, kurioms būdingas tropinis klimatas (pagal Köppen).
Tropinio klimato juosta (pagal Alisovą).

Atogrąžų (arba tropinis) klimatasklimatas, būdingas tropikų sričiai. Jo apibrėžimas skiriasi pagal Köppen klimato klasifikaciją, sudarytą pagal vietovių temperatūrų ir kritulių skirtumus, ir Alisovo klimato klasifikaciją, besiremiančią vyraujančiomis oro masėmis ir klimatą skirstančią į juostas.

Köppen apibrėžimas

Pagal Köppen klimato klasifikaciją, tropinį klimatą turi tokios vietovės, kur kiekvieno mėnesio vidutinė temperatūra viršija 18 °C. Klimatui taip pat būdingas šalnų nebuvimas, maža temperatūros kaita ištisus metus, aukštas slėgis.[1] Ne visos teritorijos, esančios tropikuose, turi tropinį klimatą. Pavyzdžiui, Sacharos dykuma, aukšti kalnai.

Tropinis klimatas turi tris tipus. Nors jiems visiems būdinga 18 °C viršijanti kiekvieno mėnesio vidutinė temperatūra, jie išsiskiria kritulių kiekio pasiskirstymu metuose.

  • Pusiaujinis, kuriam būdingas didelis kritulių kiekis (kiekvieną mėnesį ne mažesnis nei 60 mm), sezonų nebuvimas. Jame auga atogrąžų miškai.
  • Subekvatorinis, kuriam būdingi du sezonai: sausasis (mažiau nei 60 mm, bet daugiau nei (100 - metinis kritulių kiekis (mm) / 25) mm kritulių per mėnesį) ir drėgnasis. Čia aptinkami musoniniai miškai.
  • Savanų, kuriam būdingas ryškus sausasis sezonas (mažiau nei 60 mm ir mažiau nei (100 - metinis kritulių kiekis (mm) / 25) mm kritulių per mėnesį). Augalija palyginti skurdi.

Alisovo apibrėžimas

Atogrąžų klimato juosta yra tarp subtropinės ir subekvatorinės juostų. Būdingos aukštos temperatūros (vidutinė metinė aukštesnė nei 18 °C), aukštas slėgis, mažas kritulių kiekis. Vasaros itin karštos (virš 40 °C), žiemos vėsios (pasitaiko neigiamų temperatūrų). Augalija labai skurdi, vyrauja dykumos.

Šaltiniai

  1. John E. Oliver. Encyclopedia of World Climatology. Springer, 2005, p. 742

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