Vulkan

De Mahameru (Indonesien)

E Vulkan ass eng Plaz op der Äerduewerfläch, wou Magma erauskënnt. Do, wou déi erausprojezéiert gëtt oder erausleeft, entsteet e kegel- oder schëldfërmege Bierg mat engem Krater op der Spëtzt. All Virgäng, bei deene fest, flësseg oder gasfërmeg Stoffer aus der Äerd op d'Uewerfläch kommen, heesche Vulkanismus.

Wann d'Energie aus der Déift vun der Äerd bis bei Äerdkuuscht kënnt räisst se s'auserneen. Déi Hëtzt, déi eropkënnt, deet e Vulkan späizen an d'Äerd seismech zidderen.

D'Äerdplacken, déi déi baussecht Schicht vun der Äerd bilden, ginn no ënne gezunn, wou se deelweis duerch déi enorm Hëtzt schmëlzen. Doduerch kënnt da Magma erop a formt Vulkanketten. Op enger aner Plaz komme Sailen aus waarme Gestengs, Plumes genannt, erop. D'Lava kënnt aus sougenannten Hotspots erausgefloss a léisst Vulkaninselen entstoen.

All déi Prozesser erstinn duerch de gliddegen Äerdkär, deen all seng Hëtzt no baussen ofgëtt, wéi och duerch radioaktiv Prozesser am Äerdmantel an der Äerdkuuscht.

Opbau vun engem Vulkan

Vill explosiv Vulkaner hu vill Schichte vu Material vun hire villen Ausbréch. Déif am Vulkan läit e Reservoir mat flëssegem Gestengs. Iwwer dëser Magmakummer féiert e Schaarschtech bei de Krater. Dee kann duerch déi erstarrt Lava zou sinn. Den Drock, dee sech duerch de Magma, een no uewe wëll kommen, entsteet, féiert dozou, datt dee Stopp ewechexplodéiert an de Magma erausgeschleidert gëtt.

Typpe vu Vulkaner

D'Form vun engem Vulkan hänkt virun allem vu senger Lava of. Et gëtt sechs verschidde Forme vu Vulkaner:

Vulkanausbroch

Behuele vu Vulkaner

Vulkaner entstinn do wou de Magma sech säi Wee duerch d'Äerdkuuscht sicht an dat meeschtens do wou scho Rëss sinn. Do fléisst de Magma dann un d'Äerduewerfläch oder op de Fong vum Mier. An den Tëscheraim vun den tektonesche Placken bilt d'Magma eng nei Äerdkuuscht an en neie Vulkanréck. Si kënne sech awer och a sou enger Plack bilden. Si ginn duerch déi sougenannt Hotspots am Äerdmantel verursaacht.

Vulkaner op der Äerd

Et gëtt ronn 1.500 Vulkaner op der Äerd déi aktiv sinn. Déi meescht sinn net ze gesinn, well si um Grond vun de Mierer sinn.

Bekannt Vulkaner

Déi zéng héchst aktiv Vulkaner

Numm vum Vulkan (Lag) Héicht (m)
Ojos del Salado (Argentinien/Chile) 6.885
Guallatiri (Chile) 6.060
Cotopaxi (Ecuador) 5.897
Lascar (Chile) 5.641
Tupungatito (Chile) 5.640
Popocatepetl (Mexiko) 5.451
Ruiz (Kolumbien) 5.321
Sangay (Ecuador) 5.230
Kljutschewskaja Sopka (Russland) 4.850
Purace (Kolumbien) 4.590

Literatur zum Theema

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