Šanīdar

Situs in Iraca

Spelunca Šanīdar (Arabice كهف شاندر), apud archaeologos saepius Shanidar vel Zawi Chemi Shanidar, caverna ad ripam sinistram fluminis Lyci sub rupe abrupta latens, est locus habitationis et sepulturae hominum neanderthalensium cultus Mousterii atque tardius cultus Neolithici incipientis. In montibus Zagrii sita est.

Ossa hominum neanderthalensium decem ibi reperta sunt una cum vestigia animalium a venatoribus interfectorum. Cadaver senis qui "Shanidar IV" nuncupatur in lecto surculorum Ephedra iacebat. Iuxta eum reperta est pollen plantarum medicinalium Achillea fortasse millefolium, Centaurea sp., Senecio sp., Muscari sp., Ephedra altissima,^[1] Althaea seu rosea seu kurdica.

• Chris O. Hunt et al., "Shanidar et ses fleurs? Reflections on the palynology of the Neanderthal ‘Flower Burial’ hypothesis" in Journal of Archaeological Science no. 105822 (28 Augusti 2023) situs venalis
• Ceren Kabukcu et al., "Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar" in Antiquity (23 Novembris 2022) alibi
• Arlette Leroi-Gourhan, "Le Néanderthalien IV de Shanidar" in Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française vol. 65 (1968) pp. 79-83
• Arlette Leroi-Gourhan, "Rites et Langage à Shanidar?" in Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française vol. 97 (2000) pp. 291-293
• Arlette Leroi-Gourhan, "Shanidar et ses fleurs" in Paléorient vol. 24 (1998) pp. 79-88
• Arlette Leroi-Gourhan, "The Flowers Found with Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal Burial in Iraq" in Science vol. 190 (1975) pp. 562-564 Epitome
• J. Lietava, "Medicinal plants in a Middle Paleolithic grave Shanidar IV?" in Journal of Ethnopharmacolology vol. 35 (1992) pp. 263-266 Epitome
• Emma Pomeroy et al., "New Neanderthal remains associated with the ‘Flower Burial’ at Shanidar Cave" in Antiquity vol. 94 (2020)
• R. L. Solecki, "Zawi Chemi Shanidar, a post-Pleistocene village site in northern Iraq" in Report of the VIth International Congress on the Quaternary vol. 4 (1964) pp. 405-412
• Emily Tilby, Preston Miracle, Graeme Barker, "The Microvertebrates of Shanidar Cave: Preliminary Taphonomic Findings" in Quaternary vol. 5 (2022)
• E. Trinkaus, D. D. Arter, R. G. Franciscus, "A Reconstruction of the Shanidar 4 Facial Skeleton" in Paléorient vol. 22 (1996) pp. 51-66

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad speluncam Šanīdar spectant.

• "Shanidar 1" apud institutionem Smithsonianam
• "Il problema dell’efedra fra i Neanderthaliani di Shanidar (Iraq)"