Lingua Polonica

Lingua Polonica
język polski
IPA[ pɔlski ]
TaxinomiaLingua Slavica Occidentalis e divisione Baltoslavica familiae Indoeuropaeae
Locutores39 990 670 (anno fere 1986)[1]
Sigla1 pl, 2 pol, 3 pol
Status publicus
OfficialisPolonia
PrivataCanada, CFA, Britannia, Australia, alibi
LitteraeLitterae Polonicae
ScripturaLatina
Procuratio
Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaediae pictae
Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaediae pictae
Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae

Lingua Polonica[2] (język polski) est lingua Indo-Europaea ex familia Slavica. Cum lingua Sorabica, lingua Pomoranica (lingua Cassubica), lingua Polabica, lingua Bohemica, lingua Slovaca facit Slavicum occidentale.

Loci

Lingua Polonica est in Polonia sermo prae ceteris principalis.

Scriptura

Lingua Polonica litteris scribitur Latinis, ad quas, pro sonis in lingua Latina absentibus, aliquot litterae sunt adiectae, ita ut nunc sint triginta et duae:

A Ą B C Ć D E Ę F G H I J K L Ł M N Ń O Ó P R S Ś T U W Y Z Ź Ż
a ą b c ć d e ę f g h i j k l ł m n ń o ó p r s ś t u w y z ź ż

Ex quibus:

  • Ą et Ę sunt nasalia: O nasale et E nasale.
  • Ó O longum olim fuerat, nunc a plerisque eodem modo pronuntiatur atque U.
  • Ł olim fuerat L labiale, nunc vulgo pronuntiatur ut U semivocalis.
  • Ć, Ń, Ś, Ź sunt C (ts), N, S, Z mollita; quod has consonantes significat quasi cum insequenti 'i' vocali esse coniunctas
  • Ż est G palatale, ut in Francogallico "Germain"

Praeter haec etiam sunt in usu digrapha:

  • CZ (ut "ch" in Anglico)
  • DZ ([ts] sonorum)
  • DŹ ([ts] sonorum mollitum)
  • DŻ ([ts] sonorum palatale)
  • RZ (olim R palatale, nunc eodem modo pronuntiatur ac Ż)
  • SZ (ut "sh" in Anglico aut "ch" in Francogallico)

Est quidem haec scriptura proxime pronuntiationem, sed nulla plerumque in scribendo habetur ratio consonantium assimilandarum; quare exempli gratia praepositio PRZEZ (quod est 'per') pronuntiatur tamquam si esset scriptum PSZES, RZ in SZ converso propter P litteram antecedentem, Z autem litterae ultimae bombo evanido propter verbi finem - quod sane non fit, si continue in loquendo insequitur verbum quod aut a vocali aut a sonora consonante incohatur (quod est cur hoc verbi sic scribatur). Nec aliter res se habent in lingua Latina, confer scripturam "oBsequium", "seD" aliaque talia.

Grammatica

Morphologia

Nomina linguae Polonicae habent:

Exstant vestigia numeri dualis: w ręce = in (una) manu, w ręku = in utraque manu (quod tamen nunc, quamquam in crebro est usu, vulgo intellegitur ut "in una manu", quoniam numerus dualis longe est emortuus), w rękach = in manibus. 100 sto = centum; 200 dwieście = dwie-ście (dwe ste) = quasi duo-centi (-e est numeri dualis in Polonico prisca desinentia); 300 trzysta = trzy-sta (tri sta) = quasi tria-centa (hic iam numerum videbis pluralem); 400 czterysta = cztery-sta (cztery sta) = quasi quattuor centa (item).

Verba: Verbis sunt:

Praeterita et futura perfecta ex aliis plerumque fiunt verborum radicibus quam quae faciunt praeterita et futura imperfecta. Quare sunt qui tria tantum tempora esse in lingua Polonica insistant, scilicet praesens, praeteritum, futurum, per duos verborum aspectus disposita, hoc est infectivum perfectivumque. Quod est idem et utique facit tempora quinque principalia, adiecto autem illo exoleto plusquamperfecto, eadem sex. Nam tempus praesens est unum nec esse potest nisi in verbis infectivis.

Verba in temporibus praeteritis perfectis et futuris infectis etiam genera nominalia, hoc est masculinum, femininum, neutrum, habere non est praetereundum.

Quae, ut supra dictum, iunctim possunt respici cum temporibus.

  • Duo numeri: singularis et pluralis;

Proverbia

Proverbia Polonica Solomon Rysinius colligebat et Latine vertebat[3]

Notae

Nexus externus

Lege de Lingua Polonica in Vicilibris.


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