Gemma (lapis)

Lapides politi.

Gemmae sunt lapides pretiosi aut mineralia aut res petrificatae quae aptae sunt ad ornamenta sumptuosa fabricanda. Gemmae magni aestimantur propter pulchritudinem ac raritatem et perfectionem; species ergo magnopere pretium dictat gemmarum. Gemmae olim erant divisae in genera duo: lapidum pretiosorum et semipretiosorum. Pretiosi erant lapides maximae raritatis, quibus significationem religiosam tribuebant et in ornamentis ecclesiasticis collocabant.

Nunc nonnullae gemmae fabricantur in laboratorio, quae discerni ab naturalibus non possunt; sunt autem adulterinae gemmae quae e vitro picto fiant.

Post marmorum genera gemmae sequuntur, quae multum auro decorem tribuunt venustate colorum. Primordia earum a rupe Caucasi. Fabulae ferunt Prometheum primum fragmentum saxi eius inclusisse ferro, ac digito circumdedisse iisque coepisse anulum atque gemmas. Genera gemmarum innumerabilia esse traduntur, e quibus nos ea tantum quae principalia sunt, sive notissima, annotabimus. Gemmae vocatae, quod instar gumi transluceant. Pretiosi lapides ideo dicti sunt, quia chare valent, sive ut a vilibus discerni possint, seu quod rari sint. Omne enim quod rarum est, magnum et pretiosum vocatur.

Exempla gemmarum

Bibliographia

  • Bernhard Bruder, Geschönte Steine. Saraviponti: Neue Erde, 2005, ISBN 3-89060-079-4
  • Gerhard Eis, "Andreas Jeßner über die Edelsteine (1595)" in Sudhoffs Archiv vol. 34 (1941) pp. 68–76
  • Gerda Friess, Edelsteine im Mittelalter. Wandel und Kontinuität in ihrer Bedeutung durch zwölf Jahrhunderte (in Aberglauben, Medizin, Theologie und Goldschmiedekunst). Hildesheim, 1980
  • Urban T. Holmes, "Mediaeval gem stones" in Speculum vol. 9 (1934) pp. 195–204
  • Hans Lüschen, Die Namen der Steine. 2a ed. Thun, 1979
  • Florian Neukirchen, Edelsteine: Brillante Zeugen für die Erforschung der Erde. Heidelbergae: Springer Spektrum, 2012. ISBN 978-3-8274-2921-6
  • Adalberto Pazzini, Le pietre preziose nella storia della medicina e nella legenda. Romae, 1939.
  • Walter Schumann, Edelsteine und Schmucksteine. 6a ed. Monaci: BLV Verlag, 1989. ISBN 3-405-12488-3

Nexus interni

Read other articles:

Atanarik

AthanarikPotret imajiner AthanarikRaja TervingiBerkuasa369–381PendahuluAorikPenerusAlarikInformasi pribadiKematian381Konstantinopel, Kekaisaran RomawiWangsaDinasti BaltiAyahAorikAgamaPaganismek Gotik Athanarik atau Atanarik[1] (bahasa Latin: Athanaricus; meninggal 381) adalah raja dari beberapa cabang Goth Thervingian (bahasa Latin: Thervingi) selama setidaknya dua dekade pada abad ke-4. Sepanjang pemerintahannya, Athanarik dihadapkan dengan invasi oleh Kekaisaran Romawi, Hun dan pe...

 

Franz Vranitzky

Franz Vranitzky Kanselir AustriaMasa jabatan16 Juni 1986 – 28 Januari 1997 PendahuluFred SinowatzPenggantiViktor Klima Informasi pribadiLahir4 Oktober 1937 (umur 86)Wina, AustriaKebangsaanAustrianPartai politikPartai Sosial Demokrat AustriaTanda tanganSunting kotak info • L • B Franz Vranitzky (lahir 4 Oktober 1937) merupakan seorang Kanselir Austria. Dia menjabat selama 11 tahun mulai tanggal 16 Juli 1986 hingga 28 Januari 1997. Dia merupakan anggota dari Partai...

 

1944 United States presidential election in Missouri

Election in Missouri Main article: 1944 United States presidential election 1944 United States presidential election in Missouri ← 1940 November 7, 1944[1] 1948 →   Nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt Thomas E. Dewey Party Democratic Republican Home state New York New York Running mate Harry S. Truman John W. Bricker Electoral vote 15 0 Popular vote 807,804 761,524 Percentage 51.37% 48.43% County Results Roosevelt   50-60%   ...

Illusion of Blood

This article needs a plot summary. Please add one in your own words. (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1965 Japanese filmIllusion of BloodDirected byShirō ToyodaScreenplay byToshio YasumiBased onTokaido Yotsuya kaidanby Nanboku TsuruyaProduced byIchiro SatoHideyuki ShiinoStarringTatsuya NakadaiMariko OkadaCinematographyHiroshi MuraiMusic byToru TakemitsuProductioncompanyTokyo EigaDistributed byTohoRelease date 25 July 1965 (1965-07-25) (Ja...

 

Philippine Coast Guard

Coast guard of the Philippines This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Philippine Coast GuardTanod Baybayin ng PilipinasOfficial SealRacing stripeFlagEnsignAbbreviationPCGMottoSaving LivesAgency overviewFormedOctober 10, 1967; 56 years ago (1967-10-10) (as the Philippine Coast Gu...

 

Bill Shine (pemeran)

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Bill ShineLahirWilfred William Dennis Shine(1911-10-20)20 Oktober 1911London, InggrisMeninggal24 Juli 1997(1997-07-24) (umur 85)Kensington, London, InggrisTahun aktif1929–1988 Wilfred William Dennis Shine (20 Oktober 1911 – ...

Torneo di Wimbledon 1998 - Doppio misto

Torneo di Wimbledon 1998Doppio misto Sport Tennis Vincitori Serena Williams Maks Mirny Finalisti Mirjana Lučić Mahesh Bhupathi Punteggio 6–4, 6–4 Tornei Singolare uomini donne   ragazzi Doppio uomini donne misto 1997 1999 Voce principale: Torneo di Wimbledon 1998. Helena Suková e Cyril Suk erano i detentori del titolo ma hanno perso nel 1º turno contro Venus Williams e Justin Gimelstob. Serena Williams e Maks Mirny hanno battuto in finale Mirjana Lučić e Mahesh Bhupathi col pu...

 

John O. Mitchell

American politician John O. Mitchell8th and 10th Mayor of TulsaIn office1909–1910Preceded byWilliam E. RohdeSucceeded byL. J. MartinIn office1906–1907Preceded byCharles LaFayette ReederSucceeded byWilliam E. Rohde Personal detailsBorn(1858-10-22)October 22, 1858[a]Dade County, MissouriDiedJuly 1, 1921(1921-07-01) (aged 62)Tulsa, OklahomaSignature John O. Mitchell (1858–1921) was an American politician who served as the 8th and 10th Mayor of Tulsa. He was the first mayor to ...

 

Ribnica, Brežice

Place in Lower Carniola, SloveniaRibnicaRibnicaLocation in SloveniaCoordinates: 45°51′48.36″N 15°39′59.34″E / 45.8634333°N 15.6664833°E / 45.8634333; 15.6664833Country SloveniaTraditional regionLower CarniolaStatistical regionLower SavaMunicipalityBrežiceArea • Total2 km2 (0.8 sq mi)Elevation222.3 m (729.3 ft)Population (2020) • Total115 • Density58/km2 (150/sq mi)[1] Ribnica (p...

Harold Gilligan

English cricketer Harold GilliganGilligan in 1929Personal informationBorn29 June 1896Denmark Hill, Surrey, EnglandDied5 May 1978 (aged 81)Shamley Green, Surrey, EnglandBattingRight-handedBowlingLeg breakInternational information National sideEnglandTest debut10 January 1930 v New ZealandLast Test24 February 1930 v New Zealand Career statistics Competition Test First-class Matches 4 321 Runs scored 71 8,873 Batting average 17.75 17.96 100s/50s 0/0 1/44 Top score 32 143 Ball...

 

The Golden Bed

The Golden BedKartu lobi untuk film tersebutSutradaraCecil B. DeMilleProduserAdolph ZukorJesse LaskyDitulis olehJeanie MacPhersonBerdasarkanTomorrow's Bread olehWallace IrwinPemeranLillian RichSinematograferJ. Peverell MarleyPenyuntingAnne BauchensDistributorParamount PicturesTanggal rilis 25 Januari 1925 (1925-01-25) Durasi90 menitNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaBisu (intertitel Inggris)Anggaran$437.900[1]Pendapatankotor$816.487[1] The Golden Bed adalah sebuah film drama...

 

Arja (theatre)

Indonesian traditional art performance ArjaArja performance in 2020TypesTraditional theatreAncestor artsBalineseOriginating cultureIndonesia Arja (theatre) Part of a series on Dance-drama of Southeast Asia Topography of Southeast Asia. Burma Peacock dance Yama Zatdaw Cambodia Royal Ballet of Cambodia Khmer Shadow Theatre Lakhon Mohory Lakhon Khol Lakhon Pol Srey Yike Indonesia Arja Bajidor Kahot Baksa kembang Bambangan Cakil Bangsawan Baris Barong Bedhaya Cakalele Cendrawasih Condong Didong G...

Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Shane Mosley

2010 professional boxing match Who R U Picking?DateMay 1, 2010VenueMGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S.Tale of the tapeBoxer Floyd Mayweather Jr. Shane MosleyNickname Money SugarHometown Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S. Pomona, California, U.S.Pre-fight record 40–0 (25 KO) 46–5 (39 KO)Age 33 38Height 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) 5 ft 9 in (175 cm)Weight 146 lb (66 kg) 147 lb (67 kg)Style Orthodox OrthodoxRecognition The Ring No. 2 ranked pound...

 

伊右衛門

この項目では、緑茶について説明しています。怪談の登場人物については「四谷怪談」をご覧ください。 この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。 出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: 伊右衛門 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · ...

 

كاستيل مادما

كاستيل مادما   الاسم الرسمي (بالإيطالية: Castel Madama)‏    الإحداثيات 41°58′29″N 12°52′02″E / 41.974722222222°N 12.867222222222°E / 41.974722222222; 12.867222222222   [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد إيطاليا[2]  التقسيم الأعلى روما العاصمة (1 يناير 2015–)  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 28.8 كيلومت...

Changchunsaurus

Extinct genus of dinosaurs ChangchunsaurusTemporal range: Early-Late Cretaceous, Aptian–Cenomanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Life reconstruction of Changchunsaurus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Clade: †Ornithischia Clade: †Neornithischia Family: †Thescelosauridae Genus: †ChangchunsaurusZan et al., 2005 Species: †C. parvus Binomial name †Changchunsaurus parvusZan et al., 2005 Changchunsaurus (me...

 

Steven Soderbergh

Steven Soderbergh nel 2024. Oscar al miglior regista 2001 Steven Andrew Soderbergh (Atlanta, 14 gennaio 1963) è un regista, produttore cinematografico, direttore della fotografia, montatore e sceneggiatore statunitense. Vincitore della Palma d'oro al Festival di Cannes per il film cult Sesso, bugie e videotape, con cui riceve una candidatura all'Oscar alla migliore sceneggiatura originale. Nel 2001, riceve una doppia candidatura all'Oscar al miglior regista per i film Erin Brockovich e Traff...

 

سري أوروبندو

سري أوروبندو (بالبنغالية: অরবিন্দ ঘোষ)‏  معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالبنغالية: অরবিন্দ ঘোষ)‏  الميلاد 15 أغسطس 1872(1872-08-15)كلكتا الوفاة 5 ديسمبر 1950 (78 سنة)بودوتشيري  مواطنة الراج البريطاني (–14 أغسطس 1947) الهند (26 يناير 1950–)  الديانة هندوسية الحياة العملية ا�...

Roman

Roman kan verwijzen naar: Roman (literatuur), een literair genre Roman (Roemenië), een stad in Roemenië Roman (Bulgarije), een stad in Bulgarije Roman (voornaam), een voornaam voor jongens Times New Roman, een lettertype in tekstverwerking. Roman (Eure), een gemeente in Frankrijk Brouwerij Roman, een Belgische bierbrouwerij Roman (vrachtwagenmerk), een vrachtwagenmerk Bekijk alle artikelen waarvan de titel begint met Roman of met Roman in de titel. Dit is een doorve...

 

193

Cette page concerne l'année 193 du calendrier julien. Pour l'année 193 av. J.-C., voir 193 av. J.-C. Pour le nombre 193, voir 193 (nombre). Chronologies PertinaxDonnées clés 190 191 192  193  194 195 196Décennies :160 170 180  190  200 210 220Siècles :-Ier Ier  IIe  IIIe IVeMillénaires :-IIe -Ier  Ier  IIe IIIe Calendriers Romain Chinois Grégorien Julien Hébraïque Hindou Hégirien Persan Républicain modifier L'année 193 est u...