Depressio (psychiatria)

Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Depressio.
Haec pagina ad depressionem morbum spectat. Per depressionem animi vide depressio (animus).

Cave: notitiae huius paginae nec praescriptiones nec consilia medica sunt.

Ad portam aeternitatis. Opus Vincentii van Gogh.

Depressio[1] est morbis mentis perturbatio affectionis frequentissima, quae passionibus affectivis tribuenda est. Sunt indicia psychica necnon corporea. Secundum gradus gravitatis distinguuntur:

  • Depressio levis: Aegrotus auxilio eget et difficultates in labore et in vita privata habet.
  • Depressio mediogravis: Aegrotus quasdam res dimittit, quod paulum energiae habet.
  • Depressio gravis: Aegrotus ipse se adiuvare non iam potest. Ne operas levissimas quidem conficere ei contingit.

Reiectio socialis et violentiae, sicut violentia domestica et abusus sexualis etiam causa depressionis esse possunt. In altiore imprimis aetate copia morborum symptomata depressionis geruntur, ut morbi cum dementia, depressio post apoplexiam ("post-stroke depression") sive circum mentis morbos atque therapias eorum.

Definitiones

Quod est depressio non aeque spectatur. Secundum ordinem mundi sanitarium (WHO) depressionis diagnosis egestas affectionis animi velut inopia laetitiae, voluptatis, gaudii et impulsūs, requiruntur. Pueri depressivi non raro irritabiliter videntur, senes morosi et melancholici, interdum dementer, iniucunde.

Aetiologia

Multiplices sunt depressionis origines inter quas aut geneticae aut biologicae aut psychosociales numerarent. Inter rationes et biologicas et psychologicas coniunctio psycho-neuro-immunologiae versatur.[2] In gradu neurophysiologico non solum transmissio inordinata neurotransmissorum ex eorum praecipue serotonini sed etiam commutationes cerebri synapsum ut nervorum ipsorum putantur.

Classificatio

Secundum ordinem mundi sanitarium (WHO)

Ordo mundi sanitarius morbum depressionem dicit, dum criteria certa (ICD-10) conveniunt. Haec criteria ICD-10 inter principalia tria et secundaria septem et apposita octo dividuntur, ex eis secundum gradum exprimendi eius inter depressionem levem, mediogravem, gravem partitur.

Depressio postpartum

Non raro post partum symptomata depressionis oritur.[3]

Depressio symptoma malumque in senectute

In senectute, depressio et morbus mentis et symptoma morborum aliorum potest esse. Non raro depressio in senectute symptoma primum dementiae putatur. Praeterea non pauci aegrotorum et depressio et signa inflammationis ostendunt[4].

Alii morbi cum depressionis symptomate

Praecipue in senectute morbi numerosi symptomata depressionis demonstrare possunt, ut exempli gratia :

Therapia depressionis

Molecula serotonini. Depressionum magna ortus pars est serotonini dopaminique axi in quo substantiae antidepressivae proficiunt.

Ad depressionum tractandum itinera therapiae multa excogitata sunt. Non solum pharmacotherapia (antidepressivis imprimis), sed etiam therapiae non-pharmacologicae evidenter effecta adhiberi possunt, per exemplum psychotherapia[7], therapia electroconvulsiva, stimulatio magnetica transcranialis, stimulatio nervi vagi, chronotherapia, biofeedback, phototherapia, ergotherapia, physiotherapia, hypnosis, meditatio, ioga, et nutritio.

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ G. D. Arnaudov, Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch (Serdicae: Editio medicina et physcultura, 1964).
  2. ↑ De parte anticorpus G.
  3. ↑ Ko J. Y., Rockhill K. M., Tong V. T., Morrow B., Farr S. L. (2017). "Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms - 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66 (6): 153-8 .
  4. ↑ Gaarden TL, Engedal K, Benth JŠ, Larsen M, Lorentzen B, Mollnes TE, Bjølseth TM, Castellheim A (2018). "Exploration of 27 plasma immune markers: a cross-sectional comparison of 64 old psychiatric inpatients having unipolar major depression and 18 non-depressed old persons". BMC Geriatr 18 (1): 149 .
  5. ↑ Hackett ML, Yapa C, Parag V, Anderson CS (2005). "Frequency of depression after stroke: a systematic review of observational studies". Stroke 36 (6): 1330–40 .
  6. ↑ AbuRuz ME, Alaloul F, Al-Dweik G (2018). "Depressive symptoms are associated with in-hospital complications following acute myocardial infarction". Appl Nurs Res 39: 65–70 .
  7. ↑ Cuijpers P., Karyotaki E., Reijnders M., Purgato M., Barbui C. (2018). "Psychotherapies for depression in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis". World Psychiatry 17 (1): 90–101 .

Bibliographia

  • Barondes, S. H. 1998. Mood Genes: Hunting for the Origins of Mania and Depression. Novi Eboraci: W. H. Freedman & Co.
  • Blazer, D. G., R. C. Kessler, K. A. McGonagle, et M. S. Swartz. 1994. "The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey." American Journal of Psychiatry 151: 979–86.
  • Jackson, Stanley W. 1986. Melancholia and Depression: from Hippocratic times to modern times. Novo Portu: Yale University Press.
  • Karkowski, L. M., et K. S. Kendler. 1997. "An examination of the genetic relationship between bipolar and unipolar illness in an epidemiological sample." Psychiatric Genetics 7 (4): 159–63.
  • Solomon Andrew. 2001. The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression. Novi Eboraci: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-85466-X (Anglice)

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