Africa Septentrionalis

     Africa Septentrionalis (subregio Consociationis Nationum)      geographica, inter quae supra
Modo horologico, a laeva:      Sahara Occidentalis, Marocum, Algerium, Tunisia, Libya, Aegyptus, Sudania plus a laeva ad dextram:      Mauritania, Malium, Niger, Tzadia
Africa Septentrionalis in Sahara et regionibus septentrionalibus consistit, se in zona rubra septentrionali et ad septentriones extendens.
Forum Biskra in Algerio, 1899.
Casbah Aït Benhaddou in Maroco situm.

Africa Septentrionalis est septentrionalissima continentis Africanae regio, a Sahara ad Africam Subsaharanam coniuncta. In civilitate orbis terrarum, definitio regionis a Consociatione Nationum promulgata septem comprehendit civitates vel territoria, quae sunt Algerium, Aegyptus, Libya, Marocum, Sudania, Tunesia, Sahara Occidentalis.[1] Algerium, Marocum, Tunesia, Libya, et saepe Mauritania una Maghreb (vel Maghrib) constituunt, atque Aegyptus et Sudania Valles Nili una appellantur. Aegyptus est civitas transcontinentalis ob Paeninsulam Sinaiticam, quae in Asiam patere usitate habetur. Africa Septentrionalis etiam comprehendit Ceutam et Melillam, possessiones Hispanicas, exclavia perparva vel insulas ante litora Maroci iacentis. Canariae Insulae et Insulae Materiae Portugallicae, in Oceano Atlantico Septentrionali ad boreorientem continentis Africani sitae, aliquando in regione comprehenduntur.[2]

Distinctio Africae Septentrionalis multarumque terrarum Africae Subsaharanae magni momenti in historia et oecologia est, quia Sahara est naturale septum geographicum, quod culturas septentrionalis a magnis continentis partibus separavit. Cum civilizationes maritimae Phoeniciorum, Graecorum, Romanorum, aliorumque populorum communicationem et migrationem trans Mare Mediterraneum adiuvarent, culturae Africae Septentrionalis artius ad Asia meridioccidentem et Europam quam ad African Subsaharanam coniungebantur. Cultura Islamica in regione magni momenti est, et Africa Septentrionalis, cum Somalia, Gibuto, et Oriente Medio, etiam est pars Mundi Arabici.

Nonnulli eruditi dicunt Africam Septentrionalem, non Africam Orientalem vel Africam Austrinam, fuisse domum hodiernorum Hominum sapientium qui primum ex continente emigraverunt.[3][4][5]

Geographia

Atlantes, qui per multum Maroci, Algerium septentrionalem, et Tunesiam patent, sunt pars quadruplicis congeriei montium quae etiam per multum Europae Meridianae extenditur. Ad meridiem orientemque versus recedunt, in planitiebus fientes antequam in Saharam distenduntur, quae plus quam 75 centesimas regionis tegunt. Sedimenta Saharana antiquam saxi crystallini planitiem superincumbunt, quae plerumque a rationibus naturalibus abhinc annorum plus quam quattuor billiones formata est.

Valles protectae inter Atlantes, vallem oremque Nili, et litus Mediterraneum sunt praecipui terrae boni agrorum cultus fontes. Coluntur variissimae messes pretiosae, inter quas cereales, oryza, et xylinon, atque ligna sicut cedrus et cortex. Usitatae messes Mediterraneae, inter quas olivae, fici, palmulae, et citri, etiam in his solis vigent. Quod Valles Nili est uberrima, plurimi Aegypti et Sudaniae incolae iuxta flumen habitant. Alibi, in marginibus desertorum, inrigatio fructus messium auget.

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ Secundum classificationum civitatum a CN effectam. Sahara Occidentalis (olim Sahara Hispanica), territorium quod in controversiam vocatum est, plerumque a Maroco regitur; Frons Polisario, quae constitutionem reipublicae liberae suadet, territorium postulat, nonnullasque regiones prope fines partim temperat.
  2. ↑ "Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity."
  3. ↑ Balter 2011:20-23.
  4. ↑ Cruciani, Trombetta, Massaia, Destro-Bisol, Sellitto, et Scozzari 2011.
  5. ↑ Smith, Tafforeau, Reid, Grün, Eggins, Boutakiout, et Hublin 2007.

Bibliographia

  • Balter, Michael. 2011. Was North Africa the Launch Pad for Modern Human Migrations? Science 7 Ianuarii: 331 (6013), 20–23. doi:10.1126/science.331.6013.20.
  • Baumann, Hermann, ed. 1975. Die Völker Afrikas und ihre traditionellen Kulturen. 2 vol. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 3515019685.
  • Bertaux, P. 1993. Afrika: Von der Vorgeschichte bis zu den Staaten der Gegenwart. Fischer Weltgeschichte, 32. Francofurti: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. ISBN 3596600324.
  • Clark, J. D. 1989. The Cambridge History of Africa, vol 1. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052122215X.
  • Cruciani, Fulvio, Beniamino Trombetta, Andrea Massaia, Giovanni Destro-Bisol, Daniele Sellitto, et Rosaria Scozzari. 2011. A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 19 Maii.
  • Dittrich, P., et al. 1983. Biologie der Sahara: Ein Führer durch die Tier- und Pflanzenwelt der Sahara mit Bestimmungstabellen und 170 Abb. Ed. 2a. Monaci: Eigenverlag. ISBN 3980079406.
  • Faath, S. ed. 1992 Demokratie und Menschenrechte in Nordafrika. Hamburgi. ISBN 3924577099.
  • Göttler, G., ed. 1992. DuMont Landschaftsführer: Die Sahara. Ed. 4a. Coloniae: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 3770114221.
  • Heine, B., Th. C. Schadeberg, et E. Wolff. 1981.: Die Sprachen Afrikas. Hamburgi: Helmut Buske Verlag. ISBN 3871184330.
  • Herder Lexikon der Biologie. Vol. 10. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akad. Verlag. ISBN 3860251562.
  • Kuper, R., ed. 1989. Forschungen zur Umweltgeschichte der Ostsahara. Cum commentariis a Katharina Neumann, St. Kröpelin, W. Van Neer, et H.-P. Uerpmann scriptis. Coloniae: Heinrich-Barth-Institut. ISBN 3927688029.
  • Lamb, H. H. 1994. Klima und Kulturgeschichte: Der Einfluss des Wetters auf den Gang der Geschichte. Reinbek: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag. ISBN 349955478X.
  • Monod, T. H. 1992. Wüsten der Welt. Monaci: C. J. Bucher. ISBN 3765807923.
  • Monod, T. H. 1994. Désert libyque. Lutetiae: Editions Arthaud. ISBN 2700310233.
  • Neumann, Katharina. 1989. Vegetationsgeschichte der Ostsahara im Holozän: Holzkohlen aus prähistorischen Fundstellen. In Forschungen zur Umweltgeschichte der Ostsahara, ed. Katharina Neumann, 13–182. Coloniae: Heinrich-Barth-Institut. ISBN 3927688029.
  • Schild, R., F. Wendorf, et Angela E. Close. Northern and Eastern Africa Climate Changes Between 140 and 12 Thousand Years Ago. In New Light on the Northeast African Past, ed. Frank Klees et Rudolph Kuper, 81–98. Coloniae: Heinrich-Barth-Institut. ISBN 3927688061.
  • Schwarzbach, M. 1993. Das Klima der Vorgeschichte: Eine Einführung in die Paläoklimatologie. Stutgartiae: Ferdinand Enke Verlag. ISBN 3432873557.
  • Sheratt, A., ed. 1980. Die Cambridge Enzyklopädie der Archäologie. Monaci: Christian Verlag. ISBN 388472035X.
  • Smith Tanya M., Paul Tafforeau, Donald J. Reid, Rainer Grün, Stephen Eggins, Mohamed Boutakiout, et Jean-Jacques Hublin. 2007.Earliest Evidence of Modern Human Life History in North African Early Homo sapiens. PNAS, 10 Aprilis 104(15):6128-6133. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104.
  • Tourneau, Roger le. 1962. Evolution politique de l'Afrique du Nord musulmane 1920-1961. Lutetiae: Colin.
  • Wagner, H.-G. 1970–1976. Siedlungsgeographie Nordafrika: Räumliche, genetische und funktionale Differenzierung des Siedlungsgefüges 1970–1976. Stutgartiae. ISBN 3443283373.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Africam Septentrionalem spectant.

Read other articles:

List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

Nations in which Arabic is an official language (de facto or de jure). Arabic in countries with more than 50% Arabic-speakers is considered a majority language, otherwise it is a minority language.   Official as majority language   Official as minority language   Co-official as majority language   Co-official as minority language   Not official as minority language Arabic and its different dialects are spoken by around 422 million speakers (n...

 

Pan-Philippine Highway

Pan-Philippine HighwayMaharlika HighwayInformasi rutePanjang:3.517 km (2.185 mi)Persimpangan besarUjung Utara:Laoag City, Ilocos Norte Daang Maharlika dari Laoag ke Lal-loCagayan Valley Road dari Lal-lo ke GuiguintoNorth Luzon Expressway dari Guiguinto ke Balintawak, Quezon City EDSA sekitar Metro Manila South Luzon Expressway dari Magallanes Interchange ke Calamba Daang Maharlika/Manila South Road dari Calamba ke MatnogDaang Maharlia Northern Samar, Samar, Leyte, dan Southern Leyt...

 

Serie D 1968-1969

Serie D 1968-1969 Competizione Serie D Sport Calcio Edizione 10ª Organizzatore Lega Semiprofessionisti Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 162 Formula 9 gironi all'italiana Risultati Promozioni Derthona, Seregno;Rovereto, Imola;Lucchese, Latina;Sorrento, Pro Vasto;Acquapozzillo. Retrocessioni (le squadre scritte in corsivo sono poi state riammesse)Sestri Levante, Castor Torino;Casale, Ponte San Pietro; Leoncelli, Mirandolese;Coneglianese, Jesolo; Alense, Fabriano;Tolentino, San Crispino;Cecina;...

Tragedy of the anticommons

Type of resource coordination breakdown Scientists are often reluctant to share their data.[1] The tragedy of the anticommons is a type of coordination breakdown, in which a commons does not emerge, even when general access to resources or infrastructure would be a social good. It is a mirror-image of the older concept of tragedy of the commons, in which numerous rights holders' combined use exceeds the capacity of a resource and depletes or destroys it.[2] The tragedy of the ...

 

Abu Martsad al-Ghanawi

Abu Martsad al-Ghanawiradhiyallahu anhuNama asalأبو مرثد الغنويLahirKannazMeninggal12 HMadinahKebangsaanSuku QuraisyAnakMartsad, AnasOrang tuaAl-Hushain (ayah) Abu Martsad al-Ghanawi (Arab: أبو مرثد الغنويcode: ar is deprecated , wafat di Madinah, 12 H (usia 66)) adalah sahabat Nabi Muhammad.[1] Abu Martsad termasuk pemeluk Islam pertama.[2] Pertempuran Badar, Uhud, dan Khandak diikutinya bersama Nabi Muhammad serta semua perang yang lain. Dia b...

 

Debbie Reynolds

Debbie ReynoldsReynolds pada tahun 1954LahirMary Frances Reynolds(1932-04-01)1 April 1932El Paso, Texas, A.S.Meninggal28 Desember 2016(2016-12-28) (umur 84)Los Angeles, California, A.S.PekerjaanAktris, penyanyi, penari, aktivis, penghibur, pebisnisTahun aktif1948–2016Suami/istriEddie Fisher ​ ​(m. 1955; c. 1959)​ Harry Karl ​ ​(m. 1960; c. 1973)​ Richard Hamlett ​ ​(...

Kennedy Mall

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kennedy Mall – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Shopping mall in Iowa, United StatesKennedy MallLocationDubuque, Iowa, United StatesCoordinates42°29′38″N 90°43′23″W ...

 

Piala FA 1879–1880

Piala FA 1879–1880Negara InggrisJumlah peserta54Juara bertahanOld EtoniansJuaraClapham Rovers(gelar ke-1)Tempat keduaOxford University← 1878–1879 1880–1881 → Piala Challenge The Football Association 1879–1880 adalah edisi kesembilan dari penyelenggaraan Piala FA, turnamen tertua dalam sepak bola di Inggris. 54 tim mengikuti turnamen ini, di mana 5 dari 54 tim tidak memainkan satupun pertandingan. Edisi ini dimenangkan oleh Clapham Rovers setelah mengalahkan Oxford University ...

 

Roller hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Roller hockeyat the Games of the XXV OlympiadDatesJuly 26 to August 7Teams12Medalists  Argentina (ARG)  Spain (ESP)  Italy (ITA) Roller hockey was one of three demonstration sports included in the official Olympic programme of the 1992 Summer Olympics, held in Barcelona. This sport's widespread popularity and the existence of top-level competitive teams in Catalonia (such as FC Barcelona and Reus Deportiu Hockey) prompted the Organizing Committee to suggest its i...

التهاب الهلل المحجري

التهاب الهلل الحجاجي التهاب الهلل المحجري معلومات عامة الاختصاص طب العيون  من أنواع التهاب الحجاج الحاد  [لغات أخرى]‏،  والتهاب النسيج الخلوي،  ومرض  المظهر السريري الأعراض التهاب[1]،  وتدلي الجفن[1]  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الْتِهابُ الهَلَل�...

 

Eibingen Abbey

Church in Eibingen, GermanyEibingen AbbeyAbtei St. Hildegard49°59′33″N 7°55′41″E / 49.99250°N 7.92806°E / 49.99250; 7.92806LocationEibingen, GermanyDenominationCatholicArchitectureStyleRomanesque revivalGroundbreaking1900 (1900)sAdministrationDioceseDiocese of Limburg UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameUpper Middle Rhine ValleyTypeCulturalCriteriaii, iv, vDesignated2002Reference no.1066RegionEurope and North America Church's interior with pain...

 

Bharti Enterprises

Indian multinational conglomerate company Not to be confused with its subsidiary Bharti Airtel. Bharti Enterprises LimitedCompany typePrivateIndustryConglomerateFounded1976; 48 years ago (1976)[1]FounderSunil Bharti MittalHeadquartersBharti Crescent, 1 Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, India[2]Area servedWorldwideKey peopleSunil Bharti Mittal (Chairman)[3]BrandsAirtelServices Telecommunications Digital television Real estate Hospitality Foodser...

Vorwärts

Party newspaper from Germany Not to be confused with the Jewish-American weekly newspaper Forverts (The Forward), or Vorwärts!, the 19th century journal of the Communist League, or Vorwärts! Vorwärts!, the Nazi-youth song. VorwärtsFront page of the first issue (1 October 1876) of VorwärtsOwner(s)Social Democratic Party of GermanyFounded1876; 148 years ago (1876)CountryGermanyCirculation360 000 (as of 2020)ISSN0042-8949Websitevorwaerts.deMedia of GermanyList of newsp...

 

نظرية العناصر الخمسة

نظرية العناصر الخمسةمعلومات عامةالاسم الأصل 五行 (بالlzh) 五行 (باليابانية) 오행 (بالكورية) لديه جزء أو أجزاء الخشب (وو شينغ)النار (وو شينغ)الأرض (وو شينغ) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالطاوية المفاهيم الطاو دي [الإنجليزية] ووجي [الإنجليزية] تاي تشي...

 

Contea di Shelby (Indiana)

Questa voce sull'argomento contee dell'Indiana è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Contea di ShelbyconteaLocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Indiana AmministrazioneCapoluogoShelbyville Data di istituzione1821 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo39°31′12″N 85°47′24″W39°31′12″N, 85°47′24″W (Contea di Shelby) Superficie1 070 km² Abitanti43 445 (2000) Densità40,6 ab./km² Altre informazio...

Constitution of West Virginia

The Great Seal of the State of West Virginia The Great Seal of the State of West Virginia reverse The Constitution of the State of West Virginia[1] is the supreme law of the U.S. state of West Virginia. It expresses the rights of the state's citizens and provides the framework for the organization of law and government. West Virginia is governed under its second and current constitution, which dates from 1872. The document includes fourteen articles and several amendments. History The...

 

Cardiff Bus

Municipal bus operator in Cardiff, Wales Cardiff BusCardiff Bus Yutong E12 on St. Mary Street, April 2023ParentCardiff CouncilFoundedMay 1902HeadquartersSloper RoadLeckwithCardiffCF11 8TB[1]Service typeBus servicesFleet213 active vehicles(April 2024)Fuel typeDiesel and ElectricOperatorCardiff City Transport Services LimitedChairmanManaging DirectorCllr Chris Lay[2]Paul Dyer[3]Websitewww.cardiffbus.com Cardiff Bus (Welsh: Bws Caerdydd) is the dominant operator of bus se...

 

Montegioco

Montegioco komune di Italia Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaDaerah di ItaliaPiemonteProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Alessandria NegaraItalia PendudukTotal281  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah5,45 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian448 m Berbatasan denganCerreto Grue Costa Vescovato Montemarzino Avolasca Monleale Sarezzano SejarahHari liburpatronal festival (en) Santo pelindungMaria Diangkat ke Surga Informasi tambahanKode pos15050 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0131 ID ISTAT006107 Kode...

舒莱

舒莱Choulex 徽章舒莱舒莱在瑞士的位置坐标：46°13′N 6°13′E / 46.217°N 6.217°E / 46.217; 6.217國家 瑞士州日内瓦州区无语言法语政府 • 市長克里斯蒂安娜·茹松（Christianne Jousson）[1]面积 • 总计3.89 平方公里（1.50 平方英里）海拔470 公尺（1,540 英尺）人口 • 總計964（2,009年12月资料）人 • 密度248人/平方公�...

 

Zaire (currency)

Currency used from 1967 until 1997 zaire, new zairezaïre (French) nouveau zaïre (French)1 zaire banknoteISO 4217CodeZRN before 1994: ZRZUnitUnitnouveau zaïrePluralnouveaux zairesDenominationsSubunit 1⁄100nouveau likuta 1⁄10,000sengiPlural nouveau likutanouveaux makutaBanknotes New makuta: 1, 5, 10, 50 New zaire: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, 1,000,000 CoinsNone for new zaireDemographicsUse...