히파르코스 (인공위성)

히파르코스

대형 태양 시뮬레이터 내에 있는 히파르코스 위성, ESTEC, 1988년 2월
임무 유형 정지 천이 궤도
웹사이트 http://www.rssd.esa.int/hipparcos
임무 기간 3년 6개월
임무 종료: 1993년 3월
우주선 제원
임무 시작
발사일 1989년 8월 8일
발사체 아리안 4호 (V33)
발사 위치 프랑스령 기아나 쿠루
임무 종료
궤도 변수
공전 주기 10시간 40분
주 망원경
구경 29 cm
초점거리 1.4 m
파장 가시광선
트랜스폰더
계측기

히파르코스(Hipparcos, "High precision parallax collecting satellite", 고정밀 시차 수집 위성)는 유럽 우주국이 주관한 천체관측 임무와, 그 관측을 수행한 인공 위성을 가리키는 말이다. 위성체는 1989년 발사되어 1993년까지 활약하였다. 히파르코스 위성은 천체의 위치를 정확하게 측정할 목적으로 발사한 최초의 관측기구이다.[1] 히파르코스의 자료를 통해 별들의 정확한 고유 운동과 시차 자료를 얻었으며 이로써 지구로부터 별까지의 거리와 접선 속도를 구할 수 있게 되었다. 분광학적 방법을 통해 나온 시선속도값과 히파르코스의 자료를 조합하여 항성의 움직임을 나타내는 6개 변수를 수정할 수 있었다.

히파르코스의 자료를 통해 항성목록 세 개가 출판되었다. 1997년 두 개의 성표가 출판되었는데, 《히파르코스 성표》는 정밀도가 높으며 10만 개 이상의 항성이 수록되었다. 반면 《티코 성표》는 상대적으로 정밀도는 떨어지나 100만 개 이상의 별을 수록했다. 이후 2000년 250만 개 이상의 별을 수록한 《티코-2 성표》가 출판되었으며 관측의 품질은 티코 성표보다 좀 더 개선되었다.

참고 문헌

  1. ↑ Michael Perryman (2010). Khanna Ramon, 편집. 《The Making of History's Greatest Star Map》. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5. ISBN 9783642116018. 

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