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중화인민공화국의 후천면역결핍증후군은 1989년 첫 감염자가 발생한 이후 전염이 계속되었다.^[1]^[2] 2018년 말 유엔 에이즈 합동 계획이 추정한 중화인민공화국의 후천면역결핍증후군 감염자는 125만명이다. 중화인민공화국은 후천면역결핍증후군 발병률이 낮지만,^[3] 감염자가 꾸준히 증가할 것이라고 평가 받는다.^[4]

대부분의 후천면역결핍증후군은 성관계를 통해 감염되지만,^[5] 중화인민공화국에서는 대부분 비성적으로 감염되었다.^[6] 비성적에는 약물 사용자의 주삿바늘 공유 등이 있다. 성관계 감염은 50%에도 미치지 못했지만,^[7] 2000년 이후 중화인민공화국에서도 성관계를 통한 감염이 늘어났다.^[8] 또 2006년 이후 동성애자 남성 감염도 증가했으며,^[9] 중화인민공화국의 시골의 헌혈자 감염도 증가했다.^[10]

역사

배경

HIV는 서아프리카와 중앙아프리카의 영장류가 가지고 있던 원숭이 면역 결핍 바이러스가 콩고 민주 공화국 킨샤사에서 1920년에 인간에게 감염된 것이 시초이다.^[11]^[12] 1967년 카리브해로, 1971년에 미국의 주요 도시까지 전염되었다.^[13]

미국 질병통제예방센터는 1981년 이 바이러스가 게이 남성에게서 많이 감염되었다는 사실은 확인했으며,^[14]^[15] 바이러스는 게이 관련 결핍증으로 명명되었지만, 후에 이성애자도 감염되는 사실이 밝혀지고 인간면역결핍 바이러스로 변경되었다.^[16] 1984년 말까지 미국에는 7,699명의 에이즈 환자와 3,665명의 사망자가 보고되었으며 유럽에서는 762명의 추가 환자가 발생했다. 다음 해 전 세계에서 2만건이 넘는 사람이 감염되었다.^[11]

같이 보기

후자 (활동가)

각주

↑ Xiao et al. 2007, 667쪽.
↑ He & Detels 2005, 825–826쪽.
↑ National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC 2015, 8쪽.
↑ 刘小卓. “Still a tough battle to win fight against HIV: China Daily editorial”. 2021년 10월 8일에 확인함.
↑ Sharp & Hahn 2011, 1쪽.
↑ Kaufman, Kleinman & Saich 2006, 3-5쪽.
↑ Wu et al. 2007, 682쪽.
↑ Zhang et al. 2006, 2075쪽: "However, our finding of a large number of sexually transmitted CRF01_AE viruses in Yunnan among non-IDUs is new. In particular, the rapid increase of HIV-1 prevalence among non-IDU populations has emerged as an alarming trend. IDU dominance in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s has now been gradually replaced by those infected through heterosexual contact or other routes.”
↑ National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC 2015, 9-10쪽.
↑ He & Detels 2005, 827쪽: "At some local government-run blood banks and in many private underground blood banks operated in the early and middle 1990s in central China, blood was often collected from several villagers at the same time, and mixed together in a container or a centrifuge from which the plasma was collected. ... Such procedures, as well as recycling of used needles and inadequately sterilized equipment, allowed HIV to be rapidly transmitted among these donors, generating a large number of HIV-infected farmers and peasants.”
↑ ^가 ^나 “History of HIV and AIDS overview” (영어). 2015년 7월 20일. 2021년 10월 10일에 확인함.
↑ Sharp & Hahn 2011, 15쪽.
↑ Worobey et al. 2016, 99쪽.
↑ Sharp & Hahn 2011.
↑ Curran & Jaffe 2011.
↑ Marx 1982.

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