우주 기후

남극의 오로라(1991년 5월)

우주 기상(宇宙氣象, 영어: space weather)는 우주 공간의 변화하는 환경 조건을 부르는 말이다. 열권, 전리층, 자기권, 외기권 등의 지구 주위의 환경 역시 포함한다.[1] 이는 행성 대기 내부의 기상과는 구분되며, 행성 또는 천체 주위의 플라즈마, 자기장, 복사 등과 관련된 현상을 다룬다. 우주 기상이라는 용어는 1950년대에 처음 사용되었으며 1990년대에 널리 퍼지게 되었다.[2]

역사

1852년 천문학자이기도한 영국의 에드워드 사빈(Edward Sabine) 경은 지구에서 지자기폭풍이 발생할 확률이 태양의 흑점 수와 관계가 있다고 주장했다. 1859년 큰 지자기폭풍이 발생했고 유럽과 북아메리카 전역의 전신 시스템이 마비되었다. 리차드 캐링턴은 전날 태양의 흑점 무리에서 관측한 플레어와 폭풍을 연결하여 특정 사건이 지구에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보였다.

크리스티안 비르켈란은 실험실에서 인공 오로라를 만들어 오로라를 설명하고 태양풍을 예측했다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ Poppe, Barbara B.; Jorden, Kristen P. (2006). 《Sentinels of the Sun: Forecasting Space Weather》. Johnson Books, Boulder, Colorado. ISBN 978-1-55566-379-7. 
  2. ↑ “"The Origin of "Space Weather"”. 《astrophysics data system》. 2015년 2월. 2019년 12월 30일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 1월 2일에 확인함. 
이 글은 우주에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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